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\def\chapno{ X}
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\pageno=456
\beginchapter Appendix I. Index

\maxdepth=4pt
The author has tried to provide as complete an index as possible, so that
people will be able to find things that are tucked away in obscure
corners of this long book. Therefore the index itself is rather long. A
short summary of the simpler aspects of \TeX\ appears at the beginning of
Appendix~B; a summary of special symbols appears at the end of Appendix~F;
a summary of other special things appears under `tables' below.

\medskip\ninepoint
Page numbers are \underbar{underlined} in the index when they represent
the definition or the main source of information about whatever is being
indexed. \ (Underlined entries are the most definitive, but not
necessarily the easiest for a beginner to understand.) \ A page number is
given in italics (e.g., `{\it123\/}') when that page contains an instructive
example of how the concept in question might be used.  Sometimes both
underlining and italics are appropriate.  When an index entry refers to a
page containing a relevant exercise, the answer to that exercise (in
Appendix~A) might divulge further information; an answer page is not
indexed here unless it refers to a topic that isn't included in the
statement of the relevant exercise.

\smallskip
Control sequence names that are preceded by an asterisk (*) in this index are
primitives of \TeX; i.e., they are built in. It may be dangerous to
redefine them.

\begindoublecolumns
\eightpoint \baselineskip=9.9pt % shooting for 53 lines/page
\newdimen\sqht \sqht=2.4pt % \square
\newbox\astbox \setbox\astbox=\hbox to0pt{\hss\lower1pt\hbox{*}}
\raggedright \tolerance=5000 \hbadness=5000 \parfillskip 0pt plus 3em
\ttglue=.4em
\def\<#1>{\leavevmode\hbox{$\mkern-2mu\langle$#1\/$\rangle$}}
\let\oldcstok=\cstok
\def\cstok{\leavevmode\kern-2pt\oldcstok}
\def\vdots{\vbox{\baselineskip 3\p@\kern2\p@\hbox{.}\hbox{.}\hbox{.}}}
\def\ddots{\mathinner{\mskip1mu\raise5\p@\vbox{\kern2\p@\hbox{.}}\mskip2mu
    \raise3\p@\hbox{.}\mskip2mu\raise\p@\hbox{.}\mskip1mu}}
\def\cong{\mathrel{\mathpalette\@v@req\sim}} % congruence sign
\def\@v@req#1#2{\lower.5\p@\vbox{\baselineskip\z@skip\lineskip-.0\p@
    \ialign{$\m@th#1\hfil##\hfil$\crcr#2\crcr=\crcr}}}
\def\see{{\sl see\/}~\ignorespaces}
\def\also{\hfil\penalty50\hfilneg{\sl see~also\/}~\ignorespaces}
\let\oldttv=\ttverbatim
\let\+=\relax
\def\sub{\penalty100 \vskip -\parskip \quad}
\def\LaTeX{L\kern-.25em\raise.7ex\hbox{a}\kern-.05em\TeX}
\def\ttverbatim{\oldttv \catcode`\*=\other \catcode`\,=\other
  \catcode`\.=\other \catcode`\;=\other \catcode`\@=\other \catcode`\+=\other}
\let\comma=, \let\period=. \let\asterisk=* \let\semicolon=;
\def\backup{\leavevmode\kern-1pt}\catcode`\-=11
\catcode`\*=\active \def*{\leavevmode\copy\astbox}
\catcode`\,=\active \def,{\eightrm\comma}
\catcode`\;=\active \def;{\/\eightrm\semicolon}
\catcode`\.=\active \def.{\eightrm\period\par\hangindent 2em }
\catcode`\+=\active \def+#1{\ifcat0\noexpand#1$\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\dp\z@=\z@
   \underline{\box\z@}$\let\next=+%
  \else\let\next=#1\fi \next}
\catcode`\@=\active \let@=\eightit
\parindent=0pt
\hyphenpenalty=10000 \exhyphenpenalty=10000
\def\newletter{\medbreak\hangindent 2em}
\hangindent 2em
\] (visible space), +3, 420, 429; \also \<space>, spaces.
*|\|\] (control space), @8, 10, 19, @73, @74, 86--87, 154, @163, @167, 283,
  +285, +290, 323, 351, @381.
|#| (hash mark), 38, 51, 113, @200--202, @+203, @204--205, 228, +235, @236--240.
|\#| ( \#\ ), 38, 51, +356.
|##|, 203--205, 228, @359--362, @378--379.
|###|, 88.
|#{|, 204, @401.
|$| (dollar sign), 4, 38, 51, 54, 86--88, @92, 127, @134--135, @185--186,
  +269, 283, +287, +293.
|\$| ( \$\ ), 38, 51, @202, @309, +356.
|$$|, 86--89, +185, @186--196, @232, +287, +293, @375--376, @421.
|%| (percent sign), @26, 38, 39, 43, 48, 51, 113, 124, @249, @337, @340, +343.
|\%| ( \%\ ), 38, 43--44, 51, +356.
|%%|, 112--113.
|&| (ampersand), 38, 51, @175--177, @190--196, @231--248, +282, 385--386.
\sub for preloaded formats, +25, 26, 344.
|\&| ( \&\ ), 38, 51, 53, +356.
|&&|, 241--242, @361, @412.
|'| (apostrophe or right quote), 3--5, 51, @130, 155, 201, @305, 324,
  394--395; \also octal.
|\'| (acute accent), @7--9, 52--53, @305, @335, +356, @420.
|''| ( '' ), @3--5, @24, 394--395.
|`| (reverse apostrophe or left quote), 3--5, 51, 132, 134, @305, 391, 394--395;
  \also alphabetic constant.
|\`| (grave accent), 8, 52--53, @305, +356.
|``| ( `` ), @3--5, @24, 394--395.
|"| (double quote or ditto mark), 52, 53, 134; \also hexadecimal.
|\"| (dieresis or umlaut accent), @7, 9, @24, @25, 52--53, 55, +356.
|(| (left parenthesis), 51, 134, @140, @145--150, 345.
|\(|, 409.
|)| (right parenthesis), 51, 134, @140, @145--150, 345.
|[| (left bracket), 51, 134, @146--148, 171, @408, @437.
|[]|, +28, @+79, @302.
|[1]|, 23, +119.
|]| (right bracket), 51, 134, @146--147, 171, 345, @408, @437.
|{| (left brace), @13--14, @19--21, 38, 51, @200--202, +203--+204, @205--206,
  216, +269, 275--276, +283, +286, +291, @330.
|\{| ( $\{$ ), 134, @146--147, @174--175, +361.
|{}|, @19, @54, 82, 95, 114, @129, 130, 150, 169, @196, @242, 253, 262,
  @305, @315, @318, 351, 393.
|}| (right brace), @13--14, @19--21, 38, 51, @200--202, +203--+204, @205--206,
  +269, 275--276, +279, 301, @330.
|\}| ( $\}$ ), 134, @146--147, @174--175, +361.
\goodbreak
|+| (plus sign), 51, 132, 268.
|\+| (begin tabbed line), @231--234, 249, 339, +354.
|-| (hyphen or minus), @4, 51, 93, 95, @127, 132, 268.
*|\-| (discretionary hyphen), 95, 283, 287, 292.
|--|, |---|, \see en-dash, em-dash.
$\pm$, \see |\pm|.
$\mp$, \see |\mp|.
|*| (asterisk), 23, 25, 51, 99, 113, 116, @132--133, 154, @326.
|\*| (discretionary $\times$), 173, +357.
|**|, 23, 25, 344.
|/| (slash), 51, @132, @146--147, @320, 430.
*|\/| (italic correction), @14, @64, +287, +292, @306, 382, 455.
\| (vertical line), 52, 53, 132, @146--147, @171, @174, 438.
|\|\| ( $\|$ ), @146--147, @171, +361, 435, 438.
|\| (backslash), @7, 38, 39, 40, 51, 146--147, +343, @436.
|\\|, 38, 378, 418.
|<| (less than sign), 52, 53, @133, 150, 154, 209.
\leavevmode{\tt\rlap<\char`\_}, 45, 135, 369; \also |\le|.
|=| (equals sign), 51, @133, 209, 226, 275, @376.
|\=| (macron accent), 52, @53, +356.
$\buildrel \rm def \over=$, 181, @437.
\leavevmode{\tt\rlap/=}, 45, 135, 369; \also |\ne|.
|>| (greater than sign), 52, 53, @133, 150, 209.
|\>| (medium space), 167, 171, +357.
\leavevmode{\tt\rlap>\char`\_}, 45, 135, 369; \also |\ge|.
\<>, \see angle brackets.
|,| (comma), 51, @72--73, @134, @161--162, @172--174, @394--395, 430.
|\,| (thin space), 5, @167--173, 305, +357, @409--410.
|.| (period), 51, @72--73, 133--134, 149, @161, +345, @394--395, 430.
\sub space after, @73--75; +76.
|\.| (dot accent), 52, +356.
$\ldots\,$, \see |\ldots|, ellipses.
$\cdots\,$, \see |\cdots|, ellipses.
\leavevmode\smash{$\vdots\,$}, \see |\vdots|, ellipses.
|;| (semicolon), 51, @134, 161.
|\;| (thick space), 167, 171, +357.
|:| (colon), 51, @133--134, @155, 161, @174, @438.
$:=$, 133.
|?|\hbox{ }(question mark), 31, 51, 73, 161.
|?`|\hbox{ }(open question), 51.
|!|\hbox{ }(exclamation point), 51, @72, 73, 75, 161, @169.
|!`|\hbox{ }(open exclamation), 51.
|\!| (negative thin space), +167, @169, +357.
|_| (underscore), 38, 51, @128--130, 134.
|\_| ( \_ ), 38, @165, +356.
|↑| (hat), 38, 51, @128--130, 134, 369, @423.
|\↑| (circumflex accent), 52--53, +356.
|↑↑|, 45, 47, @48, +368, 370, 423.
|↑↑M| (ASCII \<return>), 45, 249, 331, +343, 345, @348, @352, 380, @390--391,
  @421, 423.
|\↑↑M|, 8, @305, +351.
|~| (tilde), 38, 51, @91--92; \also ties.
|\~| (tilde accent), 52, +356, 387.
{\tt\char'13\char'14}, 135, 343, 368, 429; \also |\uparrow|, |\downarrow|.
|@| (at sign), 51, 98--99, 132, 134, @344, @364, @408, 414.
|@@|, 98--99.
|\@ne|, +345.
\newletter
|\aa| ( \aa\ ), +356.
|\AA| ( \AA\ ), +356.
abbreviations, @73--74, @340; \also macros.
*|\above| (general fraction), @143, 152, +292, 444--445.
*|\abovedisplayshortskip|, +189, 274, @348, @415.
*|\abovedisplayskip|, +189, +190, 194, 274, 291, @348, @415.
*|\abovewithdelims|, 152, +292, 444--445.
absolute value, @146, @149, @171, @175.
Acc atom, 158, 289, 443.
*|\accent| (general accent), 9, 54, 86, 283, 286.
accents (\'{} \`{} \"{} etc\period), 7, @52--53, @339, +356, 357, 427--429.
\sub as ligatures, 46, 54.
\sub in math, @135--137, 141, 164--165, +359, 435, +443.
\sub on top of accents, 136.
\sub table, 52, 135, 339.
|\active| (category 13), @241, +343, @395, @421.
active character, 37, 40, 209, 241, 307, 377, 380--381, 394--395.
active math character, 155, +289.
active spaces, 381, 394, 421.
|\acute| (math accent: $\acute x$), 135, +359.
acute accent (\'{}), \see |\'|, |\acute|.
|\address|, @403--404, +407.
*|\adjdemerits|, +98, 273, @314, @348.
*|\advance|, @21, @118--119, @218, @256, +276, @355.
|\advancepageno|, 256, @257, +362, @416.
|\ae| ( \ae\ ), vii, 17, 45--46, @52--53, @239, +356.
|\AE| ( \AE\ ), @52--53, +356.
*|\afterassignment|, 215, +279, @352, @364, @376, @401.
*|\aftergroup|, 215, +279, @363, @374, @377, 379.
`ain, \see reverse apostrophe.
al-Khw\↑arizm\↑\i, abu Ja`far Mu\d{h}ammad ibn M\↑us\↑a, 53.
|\aleph| ( $\aleph$ ), 9, +358, 435.
Alice, 4, 387, 394.
alignment displays, 190, 193, +291.
\<alignment material>, 282, 285.
alignments, 231--249, +282, 302--303, 385--386, 392; \also tabbing.
Alka-Seltzer, 404--405.
all caps, \see |\uppercase|.
Allen, Todd Andrew, 377.
allocation, 121--122, +346, +347.
|\allocationnumber|, 346.
|\allowbreak|, @174, +353, @396.
|\allowhyphens|, @394, +395.
|\alpha| ( $\alpha$ ), @127, @201, +358, 434.
|\Alpha|, 434.
alphabetic constants, @44--46, 215, +269, 270, 309, +367, 385.
alternatives, \see |\cases|.
|\amalg| ( $\amalg$ ), +358, 436.
American Mathematical Society, ii, vii.
ampersand, +25, 38, 51, @175--177, @190--196, @231--248, +282,
  344, 385--386, 428.
\AmSTeX, 164, +420, 434.
anatomy of \TeX, 38--39, +46, 85, +267, 349, 373, 379, 385, 386, +456.
|\angle| ( $\angle$ ), +358, 435.
angle brackets ( $\langle\,\rangle$ ), 59, @146--147, 150, +268, 420,
  437; \also |\langle|, |\rangle|.
angstrom unit, \see |\AA|.
|\annotations|, 403, @404, +407.
answers to the exercises, 305--337.
Antisthenes of Athens, 239.
apostrophe, 3--5, 51, @130, 155, 201, 324; \also octal.
|\approx| ( $\approx$ ), 128, 436.
Arabic, 66.
|\arccos| ( $\arccos$ ), 162, +361.
Archytas of Taras, 239.
|\arcsin| ( $\arcsin$ ), 162, 361.
|\arctan| ( $\arctan$ ), 162, 361.
Arenski\u\i, Anton Stepanovich, 410.
|\arg| ( $\arg$ ), 162, 361.
arguments, 33, 200--205, @263, 268, @375--380.
Aristippus of Cyrene, 239.
Aristophanes, 239.
Aristotle, 35.
arithmetic, 117--119, \see |\advance|, |\multiply|, |\divide|.
\<arithmetic>, +276.
arrays, @176--178, \see matrices.
arrows, @146--147, @182, @226, +437.
|\arrowvert| ( $\big\arrowvert$ ), 150, +359.
|\Arrowvert| ( $\big\Arrowvert$ ), 150, +359.
{\sl\backup The Art of Computer Programming}, 259--260.
as is, \see |\obeylines|, |\obeyspaces|, verbatim.
ASCII, 3, 43--45, 49, 214, 343, +367, 371.
\<assignment>, +275.
assignments, 275--278, 373.
|\ast| ( $\ast$ ), 436.
asterisk, 23, 25, 51, 99, 113, 116, @132--133, 154, @326.
|\asymp| ( $\asymp$ ), 436.
|at|, 16--17, 60, 213, 277, @408--409, @414, 433.
\<at clause>, +277.
at sign, 51, 98--99, 132, 134, @344, @364, @408, 414.
AT\&T, 247.
atoms, 157--159, 170--171, 289--290, 441--447.
\sub table of atomic types, 158.
*|\atop|, @143, @145, 152, @178, +292, +444.
*|\atopwithdelims|, @152, +292, @324, @360, +444.
author, typesetting by, 182, 412--413.
auxiliary spaces, \see ties.
axis line, 150--152, 179, 443--447.
\newletter
|\b| (bar-under accent), 52, +356.
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 408.
Bach, P\period\ D\period\ Q\period, 410--411, 481.
backslash, @7, 38, 39, 40, 51, 146--147, 343, @436.
|\backslash| ( $\backslash$ ), @38, @146--147, +359, 435, @436.
backspacing, @66, 82--83, 222, @394--395, @418.
Backus, John Warner, 268.
Bacon, Francis, viscount St\period\ Albans, 41.
Bacon, Leonard, 1.
bad breaks, avoiding, 27--30, 91--94, 173--174, 197.
badness, @28--30, 97--99, 111--113, 302.
\<balanced text>, 275, +276, 385.
balancing columns, 386--388, @396--397, @417.
|\bar| (math accent: $\bar x$), 135, @136.
bar accent (\={}), \see |\=|, |\bar|.
bar-under accent (\b{\hbox{ }}), \see |\b|.
Barrett, Percy Reginald, 197.
Barrough, Philip, 229.
baseline, 15, +63, 77, 80--81, 150.
*|\baselineskip| (normal vertical distance between baselines), @78--79, +80,
  104, 194, 253, @256, 274, 281, 342, 349, @351--352, @409, @414--415.
*|\batchmode|, +32, +277, 299, @336.
Batey, Charles, 197.
beauty, 1.
Beck, Simone, 233, 236.
Beethoven, Ludwig von, 408, 410--411.
Beeton, Barbara Ann Neuhaus Friend Smith, 483.
|\beginchapter|, 418.
*|\begingroup|, 21, @249, @262, +279, @380, @407, @419.
|\beginsection|, @340--341, +355.
*|\belowdisplayshortskip|, +189, 274, @348, @415.
*|\belowdisplayskip|, +189, +190, 194, 274, 291, @348, @415.
Bemer, Robert William, \see TEX, ASCII.
bent bars, \see angle brackets.
Bertholle, Louisette, 233, 236.
|\beta| ( $\beta$ ), @127, 434.
|\Beta|, 434.
|\bf| (use {\bf boldface} type), @13--14, @164--165, @328, +351, @409,
  @414--415.
|\bffam|, +351, @414--415.
|\bgroup| (implicit |{|), 269, +351, @363, 382, +385, @407, @421.
Bibby, Duane Robert, i.
Biblical references, 303, @311.
bibliographies, 4, @74, 93, @340--341.
|\big| (largish delimiter), 147, 171, @320, @359, +360, @414--415.
|\Big| (between |\big| and |\bigg|), 147, 175, @359, +360.
big-$O$ notation, 132, @161--162, @169.
big point, 57, \see |bp|.
|\bigbreak|, 111, 116, +353, @363.
|\bigcap| (large $\cap$), 147, 435.
|\bigcirc| ( $\bigcirc$ ), 436.
|\bigcup| (large $\cup$), 147, 435.
|\bigg| (large delimiter), @147, 175, 196, 327, @359, +360.
|\Bigg| (larger than |\bigg|), 147, 175, @359, +360.
|\bigggl|, |\bigggr|, 324.
|\biggl| (|\bigg| left delimiter), 147, @149, +359, 437.
|\Biggl| (|\Bigg| left delimiter), 147, 149, +359, 437.
|\biggm| (|\bigg| middle delimiter), 147, +359.
|\Biggm| (|\Bigg| middle delimiter), 147, +359.
|\biggr| (|\bigg| right delimiter), 147, @149, +359.
|\Biggr| (|\Bigg| right delimiter), 147, 149, +359.
|\bigl| (|\big| left delimiter), @146--147, 149--150, 155, 171, @175, +359, 437.
|\Bigl| (|\Big| left delimiter), 147, +359, 437.
|\bigm| (|\big| middle delimiter), 147, +359, 171, @175.
|\Bigm| (|\Big| middle delimiter), 147, +359.
|\bigodot| (large $\odot$), 435.
|\bigoplus| (large $\oplus$), 435.
|\bigotimes| (large $\otimes$), 435.
|\bigr| (|\big| right delimiter), @146--147, 149--150, 171, @175, +359.
|\Bigr| (|\Big| right delimiter), 147, +359.
|\bigskip|, 70, 109, 111, 115--116, +352, @355, @407, @410--412.
|\bigskipamount|, 123, +349, @352--353, @363.
|\bigsqcup| (large $\sqcup$), 435.
|\bigtriangledown| ( $\bigtriangledown$ ), 436.
|\bigtriangleup| ( $\bigtriangleup$ ), 436.
|\bigtype|, 408--409, 411.
|\biguplus| (large $\uplus$), +358, 435.
|\bigvee| (large $\vee$), 435.
|\bigwedge| (large $\wedge$), 435.
Bill, 387, 394.
Bin atom, 158, 170--171, 289, 442--444, 446.
binary operations, @132--133, 154--155, 164, 196, 358, 435, +436;
  \also Bin atom.
binary search, 387--388.
binomial coefficient, 143, \see |\choose|.
*|\binoppenalty|, 101, 174, 272, 322, @348, +446.
black box, 64, +221, +222.
blackboard bold (e\period g\period, $\rm I\!R$), 164, 434.
blank line in input file, 24, 37, +47, @340--341, 381.
blank space, \see spaces.
Blase B\"ohning, Maria Dorothea, 248.
block structure, \see grouping.
block style, 405--407.
|\bmit| (boldface math italic), 156.
|\bmod| ( $\bmod$ ), @164, 322, +361.
|\body|, @403--404, +407.
Boehm, Peter James, 159.
B\"ohning, Jobst Heinrich, 248.
B\"ohning, Martin John Henry, 248.
Bohning Knuth, Louise Marie, 248.
boldface, 13, 156, 164--165, 386.
book design, 412.
book preparation, 303, 425.
|\bordermatrix|, @177, +361.
|\bot| ( $\bot$ ), 435.
*|\botmark|, 213, +258, 259--260, @262--263, 280.
boundary item, 157, 442, 446.
Bourbaki, Nicolas, 106.
|\bowtie| ( $\bowtie$ ), +358, 436.
\<box>, 120, 222, +278, 282, 285, 290.
*|\box| (use box register), 120--122, 151, 222, +278, 346, @354, @386, @387.
\sub |\box255|, 125, 253--258.
\<box dimension>, +271, 277.
box displays, 66, 75, 79, 158--159, 302, 455.
box memory, 300, 394.
\<box or rule>, +281.
\<box size assignment>, +277.
\<box specification>, 222, +278.
\cstok{boxed} control sequence names, 38.
boxed material, @223.
boxes, 63--67, 77--83.
*|\boxmaxdepth|, +81, 113, 249, @255, 274, @348.
|bp| (big point), +57, 270.
|\brace| (notation like $n\brace k$), +360.
|\braceld|, |\bracelu|, |\bracerd|, |\braceru| (pieces of horizontal braces),
  @+357.
braces, 51, 216, +269, 275--276, 279, 283, 286, 289--291, 330, 345, 385--386.
\sub for arguments to macros, @20, @200--202, +203, +204, @205--206, 385--386.
\sub for grouping, @13--14, @19--21, 232, 248, 253.
\sub horizontal, @176, 225--226, @339.
\sub implicit, +269, \see |\bgroup|, |\egroup|.
\sub in math formulas, @145--147, @174--176.
|\bracevert| ( $\big\bracevert$ ), 150, +359.
|\brack| (notation like $n\brack k$), +360.
brackets, 51, 134, @146--148, 171, @408, @437.
|\break| (force line or page break), 94, 97, 106, 114, 193, +353.
breakpoints, +96, 97--100, +110, 111--114, 394.
\sub avoiding bad, 27--30, 91--94, 109--111, 173--174, 197.
\sub discretionary, @95--96, 173, +287, +292, @357.
\sub forcing good, 94, 105, 109--111, 114.
\sub in displays, 195--197.
\sub in formulas, 173--174, 446--447.
|\breve| (math accent: $\breve x$), 135.
breve accent (\u{}), \see |\u|, |\breve|.
British pound sign, 54.
brochures, 251.
*|\brokenpenalty|, +104, 105, 273, @348.
Brooks, Frederick Phillips, Jr\period, 365.
Brown, Peter John, 425.
|\buildrel|, +361, @437.
built-up (extensible) characters, 442.
built-up fractions, \see |\over|.
|\bull| ( $\bull$ ), +420.
Bull, John, 239.
|\bullet| ( $\bullet$ ), @133, 154, @355, 436.
bulleted lists, 102, 105.
business correspondence, 200, 403--408.
|by|, @118, +276.
|\bye|, 87--88, @340, +357.
Byron, George Gordon No\"el Byron, baron, vii.
\newletter
|\c| (cedilla accent), @24--25, 52, +356.
|\cal| (calligraphic caps), 164, +351, 431, 434.
calculus, 168--169, 180--181.
camera alignment, 416--417.
|\cap| ( $\cap$ ), 133, 436.
capacity of \TeX, 100, 300--301, 383.
caps and small caps, 203.
captions, 115.
caret, 369.
carriage return, 231, \see \<return>, |\cr|.
|\cases| ( $\bigl\{{\cdots\atop\cdots}$ ), 175, +362.
Caswell, Herbert Ernest, 413.
*|\catcode|, @39, 134, 214, +271, 305, @343, @380--382, @384, @390--391,
  @421, @424.
category codes, 37--40, +47, 48, 203--205, 209--210, 214, 381.
\sub table, 37.
|cc| (cicero), 57, 270.
|\cdot| ( $\cdot$ ), @133, @172, 319, 436.
|\cdotp|, 358, +359, 438.
|\cdots| ( $\cdots$ ), @172, @176, @180--181, +359, 438.
cedilla accent (\c{\ }), 25, 52, 54, \see |\c|.
ceiling brackets ( $\lceil\,\rceil$ ), 146--147, \see |\lceil|, |\rceil|.
centering, 71, 233, 236.
|\centering|, +348, 362.
|\centerline| (make a centered line), @20, @24, 33, 71, 85, 101, @117, 232,
  311, @340, +353.
|\cents| ( \hbox{\rm\rlap/c} ), 140, +319.
Ces\`aro, Ernesto, 53.
Cha\u\i kovski\u\i, P\"etr Il'ich, 410--411.
*|\char|, @43--46, 76, 86, 155, 283, +286, 289, @340, @427, 452.
\<character>, +289.
character codes, 43--46, 367--370.
\<character token>, +270.
*|\chardef|, 44, 121, 155, 210, 214, 215, 272, +277, 336, @343, @345, 452.
\<chardef token>, +271, 272.
Charles XII of Sweden, 92.
Chaundy, Theodore William, 197.
|\check| (math accent: $\check x$), 135.
check accent (\v{}), \see |\v|, |\check|.
chemical typesetting, 179.
Cherry, Lorinda Landgraf, 159.
|\chi| ( $\chi$ ), 1, 434.
Chicago, University of, Press, 125, 293, 418, 439.
Child, Julia, 233, 236.
Children's Television Workshop, ii.
choice, four-way, 157, +292, +442.
|\choose| (notation like \setbox0=\hbox{$n\choose k$}\dp0=0pt\box0),
  139, 143, 152, 178, 360.
Christie Mallowan, Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa (Miller), 249.
cicero, \see |cc|.
|\circ| ( $\circ$ ), @133, @323, 436.
circles, \see |\circ|, |\bigcirc|.
circular quotation, 101.
circumflex, 369, \see hat.
circumflex accent (\↑{}), 52, +356, \see |\↑|.
classes of math characters, table, 154.
*|\cleaders|, +224, 225--226, @357, @374.
|\cleartabs|, @234, +354.
Close atom, 158, 170--171, 289, 443--444, 446.
*|\closein|, 217, 280.
*|\closeout|, 226--228, 254, +280, @422.
|\closing|, @403--404, +407.
closings, 134, 147, 154--155, 359, +437; \also Close atom.
club lines, 104, 272, 398.
*|\clubpenalty|, 104, 113, 272, 317, @348, @419.
|\clubsuit| ( $\clubsuit$ ), 435.
|cm| (centimeter), @24, +57, 270.
|cmbx| fonts, 60, 350, 413, 428, 433.
|cmex| fonts, 157, 225, 350, 432--433.
|cmmi| fonts, 350--351, 413--414, 430, 433.
|cmr| fonts, 16--17, 60, 63--64, 76, 350, 413, 427, 433.
|cmsl| fonts, 63--64, 350, 413, 428, 433.
|cmsy| fonts, 157, 350--351, 413--414, 431.
|cmti| fonts, 350, 413, 428, 433.
|cmtt| fonts, 60, 350, 413--414, 429, 433.
\<code assignment>, +276.
\<codename>, +271.
codes for characters, 43--46, 367--370.
Coelho, Manuel Rodrigues, 239.
coerce \<dimen> to \<number>, 270.
coerce \<glue> to \<dimen>, 270.
coerce \<number> to \<dimen>, 336.
\<coerced dimen>, +270.
\<coerced integer>, +269.
\<coerced mudimen>, +270.
collective signs, \see large operators.
colon, 51, @133--134, @155, 161, @174, @438.
|\colon| ( $\colon$ ), @134, +359, @438.
color, 229.
column vector, 177.
column width, 29, 231, @257, @387, 417.
|\columns|, 231, 354.
comma, 51, @72--73, @134, @161--162, @172--174, @394--395, 430.
commands, 267--293.
comments, 26, 47, 337, @340.
communication between macros, 211, 328--329, 375--376, 407--408.
commutative diagram, @182.
composing stick, 64--65.
compound fraction, @143.
compound matrix, @181.
Computer Modern fonts, 16, 350, 427--438.
computer programs, 38, 165, @234.
concert programs, 408--412.
conditionals, 206--208, +209, +210, 211, 240, @308, @384.
|\cong| ( $\cong$ ), 151, 360, 436.
constants, +269, 270, 308.
continued fractions, @142.
\<control sequence>, +275, 277.
control sequences, 7--11, +47, 199, 457.
\sub misspelled, 31--32.
control space (|\|\]), @8, 10, 19, @73, @74, 86--87, 154, @163, @167, 283,
  +285, +290, 351, @381.
control symbols, 7--8, 46--47.
control words, 7--8, 38, 46--47, 204.
coordinates, 389.
|\coprod| (large $\amalg$), 435.
*|\copy| (copy a box), 120, 151, +222, 278, @329, @374, @386, @407.
|\copyright| ( \copyright\ ), ii, @308, 339, +356.
Cornet, Peeter, 239.
Correa de Arauxo, Francisco, 239.
correspondence, 200, 403--408.
|\cos| ( $\cos$ ), 162, 361.
|\cosh| ( $\cosh$ ), 162, 361.
cost of a page break, 111--113, 124.
|\cot| ( $\cot$ ), 162, 361.
|\coth| ( $\coth$ ), 162, 361.
*|\count| registers, 118--122, 207--208, +271, +276, @346--347, @379.
\sub |\count0|, +119, @207, 252--254, +362.
*|\countdef|, 119, 121, 210, 215, 271, +277, @346--347.
\<countdef token>, +271.
Cowper, William, 35.
*|\cr| (end of aligned row), @175--177, @190--197, @231--238, +245, +248,
   275, 282, 351, 352, 385--386, @412, @418, @421.
\sub avoiding, 249.
cramped styles, 140--141, 445.
*|\crcr| (force |\cr|), 249, 275, 282, @361--362, 385, @412, @421.
crochets, \see brackets.
Crocker, Betty, 425.
cross, \see |\dag| (~\dag~), |\times| (~$\times$~).
|\csc| ( $\csc$ ), 162, 361.
*|\csname|, 40--41, +213, @348, @375.
|\csname\endcsname|, 47, 308.
cube root, @130--131.
Cummings, Edward Estlin, 49.
|\cup| ( $\cup$ ), 133, 436.
curly braces, \see braces.
current font, 13, 20, 154, 163, 213--214.
current page, 112, 122--125, 278, 280.
cyclic preambles, +241, @242, @246, @361, @412.
Cyrillic characters, 370.
\newletter
|\d| (dot-under accent), 52--53, +356.
|\dag| ( \dag\ ), 53, 117, +356, 438--439.
|\dagger| ($\dagger$ as binary operator), 436, 439.
Dale, Robert William, 283.
|\danger|, 419.
dangerous bend, v--vi, 5, 15, 44--45, 70, 419.
Danish characters, 45--46, 52--53, 370.
|\dash|, 30.
dashes, 4, @26, @30, 51, 93, 95.
|\dashv| ( $\dashv$ ), 436.
date, today's, 406.
*|\day|, 273, 349, 406.
|dd| (did\↑ot point), +57, 270, 272.
|\ddag| ( \ddag\ ), 117, +356, 438--439.
|\ddagger| ($\ddagger$ as binary operator), 436, 439.
|\ddot| (math accent: $\ddot x$), 135, +359.
|\ddots| ( \smash{$\ddots$} ), 177, +359.
|\ddt| (debugging aid), 248.
De Vinne, Theodore Low, 107.
*|\deadcycles|, 214, +255, 264, 271, 283, @401.
debugging, 205, 248, 298--303, 347.
decent lines, 97, 99.
\<decimal constant>, +270.
decimal points, 57, 134, 240.
\<def>, +275.
*|\def|, 44, 136, 199--208, 215, 275--276.
default output routine, 253--255.
default rule thickness, 443--447.
default values of parameters, 348--349.
*|\defaulthyphenchar|, 273, @348.
*|\defaultskewchar|, 273, @348.
defining a control sequence, 199--208.
\<definition>, +275.
\<definition text>, +275.
|\deg| ( $\deg$ ), 162, 361.
degrees ( $↑\circ$ ), @180.
*|\delcode|, +156, 214, 271, +290, @345.
\<delete> (ASCII code 127), 37, 39, 343, 369.
deleting tokens, 32, 215, @295--297.
\<delim>, 289--290.
delimited arguments and parameters, 203--205, 249, @263, @375--377, @407.
*|\delimiter|, +156, 289--290, @359.
*|\delimiterfactor|, 152, 273, @348, +446.
delimiters, 145--150, 156--157, @171, +290, 437, +442.
*|\delimitershortfall|, 152, 274, @348, +446.
|\delta| ( $\delta$ ), @127, 434.
|\Delta| ( $\Delta$ ), @169, @186, 434.
demerits, 94, 97--99, 273, @451.
denominator, 141, 152, 179, 444--445.
|depth|, 221, 224, +282, 337.
depth of a box, 63--67, 77, 80--82, 225.
Derek, Bo, 293.
descenders, 63, 113, 319, 323.
design size, 16--17, 60.
|\det| ( $\det$ ), 162, +361.
device-independent output, 23; \also |.dvi|.
Diabelli, Antonio, 408.
diagnostic form of lists, 66, 75, 79, 158--159, 302, 455.
dialogs with the user, 217--218.
|\diamond| ( $\diamond$ ), 436.
diamond leaders, viii.
|\diamondsuit| ( $\diamondsuit$ ), 435.
D\'\i az de la Pe\~na, Maximiliano Antonio Tem\'\i stocles, 384.
Dick and Jane, 72--74, 76.
Dictionaries, 259, 449--453.
Did\↑ot, Fran\c cois Ambroise, 57.
did\↑ot point, 57, \see |dd|.
dieresis (\"{}), +52, 53, 356, \see |\"|.
diesis ( \ddag\ ), \see |\ddag|.
Dieter, Ulrich Otto, 14.
\<digit>, +269.
\<digit string>, 57.
digits, 51, 132, 435, 453.
\sub width of, 60, 241, 427.
|\dim| ( $\dim$ ), 162, 361.
\<dimen>, 59, 61, 71, 118, +270, 271.
\<dimen parameter>, 271, +274, 276.
*|\dimen| registers, 118--122, +271, +276, @346--347, @349, @360, @363, @395.
\<dimen variable>, +276.
*|\dimendef|, 119, 215, +277, @346--347.
\<dimendef token>, +271.
dimensions, 57--61.
\sub as arguments, 204, 362.
Dionysius I of Syracuse, 239.
diphthongs, \see |\ae|, |\oe|.
discardable items, 95, 110--112, 124, @393.
*|\discretionary|, 95--96, 283, 286, +287, +292.
discretionary hyphens, 28, 95--96, 453.
discretionary multiplication signs, 173, +357.
display math mode, 85--89, 289--293.
display style, 140--142, 441--447.
*|\displayindent|, 188, 190, 274, 291, 349.
*|\displaylimits|, 144, 159, +291--+292, 443.
|\displaylines|, 194, @196, +362.
Displays, 87, 103, @139--145, @166--167, 185--197, @232, @241, 315.
\sub at beginning of paragraph, 316.
\sub non-centered, 186, 326, 375, 420--421.
\sub positioning of, +188--+190.
*|\displaystyle|, 141--142, +292, @362.
*|\displaywidowpenalty|, 104, 272, @348.
*|\displaywidth|, 188, 190, 274, 349.
Disraeli [Beaconsfield], Benjamin, earl, 219.
ditto mark, 53, 441.
|\div| ( $\div$ ), 436.
*|\divide|, @118--119, @218--219, +276, @391, @397, @398, @417.
|\do|, 344, 380, 423.
dollar sign, 4, 38, 51, 54, 86--88, @92, 127, @134--135, @185--186, 283,
  +287, +293.
Donnelley, Richard Robert, vii.
|\dospecials|, +344, 380, 422--423.
|\dosupereject|, 256, +364.
|\dot| (math accent: $\dot x$), 135.
dot accent (\.{}), \see |\.|, |\dot|.
dot-under accent (\d{\hbox{ }}), \see |\d|.
|\doteq| ( $\doteq$ ), +361, 436.
|\dotfill| (\hbox to 4em{\dotfill}), 244, @334, @335, @340--341, +357.
dotless letters, 52--53, 136, 435.
|\dots| ( \dots\ ), 173, +356; \also ellipses.
double-column format, @257, 386--388, @417.
double dagger, \see |\ddag|, |\ddagger|.
double dangerous-bend signs, vi, 419.
double integrals, @169, @180.
double quote mark, 52, 53, 134; \also hexadecimal.
*|\doublehyphendemerits|, 98, 273, @348, @451.
|\downarrow| ( $\downarrow$ ), @146--147, @182, +359, 437.
|\Downarrow| ( $\Downarrow$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\downbracefill| (\hbox to 4em{\downbracefill}), 225--226, 331, +357.
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 401.
*|\dp|, 120, 271, @316, +388--+389, @417.
dragon curve, 391.
Drofnats, Revinu Jitis, 24, 27--28, 73--74, 404--406, 408, 410--412.
Dudeney, Henry Ernest, 249, 334.
Dull, Brutus Cyclops, 131, 173, 260.
|\dummy|, 401.
*|\dump|, +283, +286, 336, @344.
Durant, William James, 239.
|.dvi|, 23, 43, 60, 119, 213, 228, 254, 279, 280, 302, 367, 374.
Dvo\v r\'ak, Anton\'\i n Leopold, 409.
$dx$, @168.
\newletter
EBCDIC, 43.
*|\edef|, @215--216, 275, @328, @348, @373--374.
editing, 34, 139, 197.
efficiency, 329, 333, 342, 345, 347, 383, 384, 394, 400, 423.
|\egroup| (implicit |}|), 269, +351, @363, 382, +385, @407, @421.
Ehlert, Ernst Fred, 248.
Ehlert Bohning, Pauline Anna Marie, 248.
|\eightpoint|, +415, @416.
|\eject| (force page break), @24--25, 105, 109, 189, +353, @418, @419.
elbows, \see angle brackets.
|\ell| ( $\ell$ ), 132, 435.
ellipses ( $\cdots$ ), 73, 172--174, 176--177, 180--182, 245.
Elphinstone, Mountstuart, 89.
*|\else|, 207, 210, +213.
|em|, 60, 154, 166, 214, +270, @352, @414, 433.
em-dash ( --- ), 4, 302.
em quad, \see |\quad|.
embellished letters, \see accents.
emergency stops, 299--300.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 41.
emphatics, \see dot-under.
\<empty>, +268.
|\empty|, @263, +351, @378.
empty discretionary, 95, 286.
empty group, 19, 253, 305.
empty line in input file, 24, 37, +47, @340--341, 381.
\sub at end of file, 217.
empty line in output, 114, 316.
empty page, 114.
|\emptyset| ( $\emptyset$ ), 128, 435.
en-dash ( -- ), 4, 187, 252, 314.
en quad, 71, \see |\enspace|.
*|\end|, 23, 26, @27, 87, 264, +283, 286, 299, @336, @403.
end of an input file, 206, 214, 217.
end of file line, \see \<return>, |\cr|.
end of file page, \see \<formfeed>.
end of paragraph, 286, \see |\par|.
|\endchapter|, 418--419.
*|\endcsname|, 40--41, +213, 283, @348, @375.
endgame, 87, 264, 283.
|\endgraf|, @262, 286, @331, +351, @407, @416, @419.
*|\endgroup|, 21, @249, @262, +279, @380, @407, @419.
*|\endinput|, 47, +214.
|\endinsert|, 115--116, +363.
|\endletter|, @403--404, +407.
|\endline|, +351.
*|\endlinechar|, +48, 273, @331, +348, @390--391.
|\endtemplate|, 240.
|\enskip|, 71, +352.
|\enspace|, @202, +352, @419.
enumerated cases, in formulas, 175.
\sub in separate paragraphs, @102, @340.
\sub within a paragraph, 92.
enunciations, \see |\proclaim|.
epigraphs, 418--419, 425.
|\epsilon| ( $\epsilon$ ), 1, 128, 434.
|\eqalign|, @190--191, 193, 242, 326, +362.
|\eqalignno|, @192--193, 194, +362.
\<eqno>, +293.
*|\eqno|, @186--187, 189--191, 193, +293, 375--376.
\<equals>, +275, 276--277.
equals sign, 51, @133, 209, 226, 275, @376.
equation numbers, 186--196.
|\equiv| ( $\equiv$ ), @133, 436.
Erd\H os, P\'al (= Paul), 53.
*|\errhelp|, 275, +280, @347.
*|\errmessage|, 216, +279--+280, @347, @418.
error messages, 30--33, 295--301, 308--309.
error recovery, 31--32, 46, 215, 295--303, 309.
*|\errorstopmode|, +32, +33, +277, 299.
es-zet ( \ss\ ), \see |\ss|.
\<escape> (ASCII code 27), 369.
escape character, 7, 37, 421.
*|\escapechar|, 40, 213, +228, 273, @308, +348, @377.
|\eta| ( $\eta$ ), 434.
|etc.|, 302.
Eulerian numbers, 152.
Evagoras of Salamis, 239.
even-numbered pages, 252--253, @416.
*|\everycr|, 275, @362.
*|\everydisplay|, 179, 275, +287.
*|\everyhbox|, 275, 279.
*|\everyjob|, 275.
*|\everymath|, 179, 275, +287, +293.
*|\everypar|, @105, 215, 253, @262, 275, +282, +283, @333, @381, @407, @421.
*|\everyvbox|, 275, 279.
|ex|, 60, 154, +270, @356, 433.
exception dictionary, 449, 452--453.
exclamation point, 51, @72, 73, 75, 161, @169.
|\exercise|, 10, +422.
exercises, vii, 1--303.
*|\exhyphenpenalty|, +96, @262, 272, @348.
|\exists| ( $\exists$ ), 435.
|\exp| ( $\exp$ ), 162, 361.
*|\expandafter|, @40, +213, 215, @260, @308, @330, @348, @374--380.
expansion of expandable tokens, 212--216, 267, 373--374.
\sub avoiding, 216, 262--263, 377.
explicit hyphens, 4, 93, 454.
explicit kerns, 40, 280, 306, 454--455.
exponents, \see superscripts.
extensible characters, 442.
extension fonts, 157, @351, 432--433, 441, 447.
extensions to \TeX, 226, 228--229.
eyestrain, reducing, 59.
\newletter
faces, 13, 17, 390.
\<factor>, 270.
factorial, @169, @181.
*|\fam|, 154--159, 273, +289--+290, 346--347, @351, 358, @414--415.
families, 153--159, 289--290, 346, 431, 442.
\<family assignment>, +277.
\<family member>, +271, 277.
family tree, 248.
family 0 (math roman fonts), 153--157, @351.
family 1 (math italic fonts), 155--157, @351.
family 2 (math symbol fonts), 157, @351, 431, 441, 447.
family 3 (math extension fonts), 157, @351, 432--433, 441, 447.
{\tt Fatal format error}, 299.
feasible breakpoints, 99, 315.
fences, \see openings, closings, delimiters.
ffl, \see ligatures.
*|\fi|, 207, 210, +213.
Fibonacci, Leonardo, of Pisa, 166.
fields of atoms, 158--159, 289--291.
|fil|, 72, 118--119, +271, @348, @394.
\<fil dimen>, +271.
\<fil unit>, +271.
|\filbreak|, 111, +353, @355.
\<file name>, 214, 216, 226, 277, +278.
file names, 25, 214, 216--217, 226, 278.
file pages, 343.
file types, \see |.dvi|, |.fmt|, |.tfm|, |.tex|, log file, terminal.
|fill|, 72, 118--119, +271, @347.
fill page with blank space, \see |\vfill|.
\<filler>, +276, 278, 280--282, 289.
|filll|, 72, 118, +271, @332.
*|\finalhyphendemerits|, 98, @106, 273, @348, @451.
*|\firstmark|, 213, +258, 259--260, 280.
|\fiverm|, 153, +350, @351, @414--415.
|\flat| ( $\flat$ ), @409, 435.
floating insertions, 115--116, 125, @363.
*|\floatingpenalty|, 123--125, 273, 281, @363.
floor brackets ( $\lfloor\,\rfloor$ ), 146--147, \see |\lfloor|, |\rfloor|.
flush left, 72, 142, 177, 181, 196.
flush right, 71--72, 106, 142, 177, 196, 233, 419.
|.fmt|, 39, 344.
|\fmtname| and |\fmtversion|, 364.
|\folio| (typeset page number), 252--253, +362, @406, @416.
\<font>, +213, 214, 271, 277.
*|\font|, 16--17, 60, 210, +213, 214--215, 271, +277.
\<font assignment>, +277.
font metric files, 46, 433.
\<font range>, +271.
*|\fontdimen|, 76, 157, @179, 214, +271, +277, @355--356, @375, @390, +433,
  441, 447.
*|\fontname|, 213, 214.
fonts, 13--17; \also Computer Modern fonts.
|\footins|, 256, +363, 396--399, @416.
|\footline|, 252, 256, @340--341, +362.
|\footnote|, 82, 116, 251, 256, 340, 363, 382, 416.
|\footnoterule|, 256, +364.
footnotes, 105, @116--117, 121, 125, @173, 416--417.
\sub short, 395--400.
|\forall| ( $\forall$ ), 435.
forbidden control sequence, 206.
Ford, Patrick Kildea, 293.
foreign languages, 45--46, 52--54, 370, 387, 449, 451.
form letters, 200, 207--209.
format file, 25--26, 39, 283, 344.
format-independent documents, 194, 203.
formats, 11, 39, 200, 403--425, 434.
\<formfeed> (ASCII code 12), 343, 369.
formulas, 127--199.
Foss, Sam Walter, 439.
fractions, 139--143, 152, 170, 179, 186, 444--445.
\sub huge, 196.
\sub slashed form, 139--140.
Fraktur, 164, 434.
Franklin, Benjamin, 65.
French, 54, 340--341.
|\frenchspacing|, 74, @340, +351, 381, 401.
Frescobaldi, Girolamo, 239.
front matter, 413.
|\frown| ( $\frown$ ), 436.
full stop, \see period.
|\fullhsize|, 257.
|\fullline|, 257.
funny space, 377.
*|\futurelet|, +207, 215, @262, 277, @363, @375--377, @423.
|\futurenonspacelet|, 376.
\newletter
Galilei, Galileo, 101.
galley file, 303, 425.
Gamble, James, 38.
|\gamma| ( $\gamma$ ), @127, 434.
|\Gamma| ( $\Gamma$ ), @127, @169, +358, 434.
|\gcd| ( $\gcd$ ), 162, @192, 361.
*|\gdef|, +206, 215, 275, @352, @407.
|\ge| ( $\ge$ ), 9, 45, @175, 318, +361, 438.
\<general text>, +276, 277, 279, 280, 287, 292.
generalized fraction, 152, 157, +292, +444--+445.
generic coding, 194, 203.
generic matrix, 177, 245.
|\geq| ( $\geq$ ), 318, 436.
German, 52, 96, 451.
German black letters, \see Fraktur.
|\getfactor|, +375.
|\gets| ( $\gets$ ), +361, 438.
|\gg| ( $\gg$ ), 436.
Gibbon, Edward, 117.
*|\global|, @21, 119, 206, @218, 232, 256, +275, 301, 307, 320, 346.
\<global assignment>, 179, +277.
*|\globaldefs|, 238, 273, +275.
glue, 63, 69--83, 95, 110, 157, 222--225, 302, 412.
\sub above and below displays, 189--190, 194.
\sub at top of page, 113--114, 124, 256.
\sub between aligned columns, 237--239, 247, 392.
\sub between lines, \see interline glue.
\sub between paragraphs, 79, 104--105, 262, 282, 342, 406, 417.
\sub between words, 74--76, 356, 393--394, 433.
\<glue>, 71, 118, +271.
|\glue|, 75, 79, 302.
\<glue parameter>, 271, +274, 276.
|glue set|, 79, 302.
glue set order, 77, 79, 81, 97.
glue set ratio, 77, 79, 81, 97.
\<glue variable>, +276.
goal height, 112--114, 123--125.
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 183.
|\goodbreak|, 111, 116, +353.
Grandmaster, 253.
|\grave| (math accent: $\grave x$), 135.
grave accent (\`{}), \see |\`|, |\grave|.
greater than or equal, \see |\ge|.
greater than sign, 52, 53, @133, 150, 209.
Greek, 127--128, 137, 156, 319, 358, 430, 434.
Green, Walter, 244.
grouping, 13--14, 19--21, 119--120, 122, 200, 201, 241, 259, +279, 283,
  286, 291, 301, 375, 378, 385, 453.
\sub characters for, 39--40, @381--382.
\sub implicit, 115, 148, 194, 253, +287, +292, +293.
guide words, 259.
\newletter
|\H| (long Hungarian umlaut), 52, @53, +356, @420.
H\&J, \see hyphenation, line breaking, setting glue.
h\'a\v{c}ek accent (\v{}), \see |\v|, |\check|.
halftones, 228.
*|\halign|, 117, 190, 193, 194, 235--249, +282, 286, +291, 302, @326, 352,
  @361--362, @386, @392.
\sub compared to tabbing, 235.
Halmos, Paul Richard, 183.
Hamza, \see apostrophe.
|\hang|, +355, @419.
*|\hangafter|, +102, 103--104, 273, 348--349, @419.
*|\hangindent|, +102, @262, 274, 349, @407.
hanging indentation, 79, 102--103.
hanging punctuation, 394--395.
Hardy, Godfrey Harold, 321.
harpoons, 437.
hash mark, 38, 51, 113, @200--202, @+203, @204--205, 228, +235, @236--240.
Hassler, Hans Leo, 239.
hat, 38, 51, @128--130, 134, 369, @423.
|\hat| (math accent: $\hat x$), @135--136, 164.
hat accent (\↑{}), \see |\↑|, |\hat|, |\widehat|.
*|\hbadness|, 29, 272, +302, @348, @387--388, 401.
|\hbar| ( $\hbar$ ), @169, +358, 435.
hbox (box with horizontal list inside), 64.
*|\hbox|, 64--67, 77, 86, 93, 151, 159, 163, 175, 179, 185--186, 221, 222,
  278, 282, 388--389.
|\headline|, 252--253, 255, +362, @406.
|\heartsuit| ( $\heartsuit$ ), 435.
Hebrew, 66.
|height|, 221, 224, +282, 337.
height of a box, 63--67, 77, 80--82, 225.
help messages, 32, 280, 295--296.
\<hex digit>, +269.
\<hexadecimal constant>, +269.
hexadecimal notation, +43, @44, @154, 219, 336, 420.
*|\hfil|, 71--72, 194, 235--237, 283, 285, 290, 397.
*|\hfill|, 71--72, 142, 177, 194, 233, 283, 285, 290.
*|\hfilneg|, 72, 100, 283, 285, 290, 397.
*|\hfuzz|, 30, 274, +302, @348, @387--388.
|\hglue|, +352.
|\hideskip|, +347, 354.
|\hidewidth|, 243, 245, 247, 325, 354.
higher-level languages for composition, 203.
Highton, Albert H\period, 481.
Hilbert, David, 167.
*|\hoffset|, +251, 274, @342.
Holmes, Thomas Sherlock Scott, 401.
|\hom| ( $\hom$ ), 162, 361.
Hombert, Humbert, 401.
Honeywell Information Systems, 1.
|\hookleftarrow| ( $\hookleftarrow$ ), 358, 437.
|\hookrightarrow| ( $\hookrightarrow$ ), 358, 430, 437.
hooks, \see |\subset|, |\supset|.
horizontal braces, @176, 225--226, @339.
\<horizontal command>, +283.
horizontal lists, 64, +94--+95.
horizontal mode, 85--89, 105, +285--+287.
\<horizontal mode material>, 278.
\<horizontal rule>, 281.
horizontal rules, 24, 64, 221--226, 246, +282.
\<horizontal skip>, 285.
Hornschuch, Hieronymus, 483.
Howard, Jane Temple, 21.
|\hphantom|, 178, 211, +360.
*|\hrule|, @24, 64, 85, 221--225, @246, +281--+282, 286, @357, @420, @421.
|\hrulefill| (\hbox to4em{\hrulefill}), @244, @252, +357, @412.
*|\hsize|, @26--27, 102, 188, 237, 251, @257, 274, @340--341, @348, @387, @406,
  @407, 413, 415, @417.
*|\hskip|, 71, 86, 168, 283, +285, 290, @314.
*|\hss|, 71, @82--83, 233, 283, 285, 290, 442.
*|\ht|, 120, 271, +388--+389, 417.
Hungarian umlaut (\H{}), \see |\H|.
hyphen, 4, 51, 93, 95, 132, 292.
|hyphen.tex|, 364, +453.
hyphenation, 28, 39, 96, 306, 314, 394--395, 414, 424, +449--+455.
*|\hyphenation|, 277, @419, +452--+453.
\<hyphenation assignment>, +277.
*|\hyphenchar|, 95, 214, +271, 273, +277, 286, 351, 395, @414, 454.
*|\hyphenpenalty|, 96, 101, 272, @348, @451.
\newletter
|\i| ( \i\ ), @52--53, +356.
|I can't go on|, 299.
|\ialign|, +354.
IBM Corporation, vii.
identifiers in programs, 38, 165, @234.
*|\if|, +209, 210--211, 307, 377, @379.
*|\ifcase|, +210, @349, @373, @390, @406.
*|\ifcat|, +209, 210, 307, @377.
*|\ifdim|, +209, @353, @387, @417.
*|\ifeof|, +210, 217.
|\iff| ( $\iff$ ), 163, +361, 438.
*|\iffalse|, +210, 211, @260--261, @348, @385--386.
*|\ifhbox|, +210, @392, @399.
*|\ifhmode|, +209, @363.
*|\ifinner|, +209.
*|\ifmmode|, +209, @215, @240, @353, @356, @360, @423.
*|\ifnum|, @208, +209, @218--219.
*|\ifodd|, @207, +209, @416, @418--419.
*|\iftrue|, +210, 211, @260--261, @348.
|\ifundefined|, 40.
*|\ifvbox|, +210.
*|\ifvmode|, +209.
*|\ifvoid|, +210, @256.
*|\ifx|, +210, 215, 307, +384, @375--377, @418.
ignored characters, 37, 390.
*|\ignorespaces|, +279, @333, @355, @424.
|! Illegal unit|, 295.
illustrations, 115--116.
\sub fitting copy around, 101.
|\Im| ( $\Im$ ), 435.
|\imath| ( $\imath$ ), @136, 435.
*|\immediate|, 226--228, +280, @422, @423.
implicit braces, +269, \see |\bgroup|, |\egroup|.
implicit characters, 269, 277, 309, 351, 376--377.
implicit kerns, 306, +454, 455.
|in| (inch), @24, +57, 270.
|\in| ( $\in$ ), @128, @147, 436.
|\inaccessible|, 297.
inch, 57--58.
incomplete conditionals, 206.
*|\indent|, 86, 94, 101, 263, +282, +286, +291, @355.
indentation, 86, 222, 282.
\sub hanging, 79, 102--103.
indention, \see indentation.
indexes, 261--263, 392--394, 423--425, 481.
indices, \see subscripts.
|\inf| ( $\inf$ ), 162, 361.
inferiors, \see subscripts.
infinite badness, 97, 111, 317.
infinite glue, 71--72, 118--119, 256, 313, 332.
infinite loop, 299, 301, 383.
infinite penalty, 97, 111, 254--256, 264, 286, 400.
|\infty| ( $\infty$ ), 9, 318, 435.
inhibiting expansion, 216, 262--263, 377.
|INITEX|, 39, 41, 76, 157, 283, 336, 343--345, 453.
Inner atom, 158, 170, 289, 443, 445--446.
*|\input|, 7, 9, @25--27, 47, 199, +214, 217, @380, 382--383, @403, @422.
input/output commands, \see |\input|, |\read|, |\write|, |\message|, |\dump|.
input/output streams, 346, \see |\openin|, |\openout|.
input stack, 300, 374.
*|\insert|, 95, +122--+125, 259, 280--281, @363, 416, 424, 454.
inserting text online, 31.
insertions, 110, 256, 335.
*|\insertpenalties|, 111, 114, +123--+125, 214, 254, @256, 271.
|\int| (large $\smallint$), 144, @168--169, @192, 358, 435.
\<integer constant>, +269--+270.
\<integer parameter>, 271, +272--+273, 276.
\<integer variable>, +276.
integral signs, \see |\int|, |\smallint|.
\sub multiple, @169, @180.
inter-column spacing, 237--239, 247, 392.
interacting with \TeX, 31--34, 217--218, 228, 295--299.
\<interaction mode assignment>, +277.
|\interdisplaylinepenalty|, 349, 362.
|\interfootnotelinepenalty|, 349, 363.
interline glue, 78--79, +80, 104, 105, 221, 245, 263, 281--282, 335, 352, 409.
*|\interlinepenalty|, +104, 273, @363, @406, @419.
internal box-and-glue representation, 66, 75, 79, 158--159, 302, 455.
internal character codes, 43--46, 367--370.
\<internal dimen>, +271.
\<internal glue>, +271.
\<internal integer>, +271.
\<internal muglue>, +271.
\<internal quantity>, +279.
Internal Revenue Service, 200, 208--209, 244, 404.
\<internal unit>, +270.
internal vertical mode, 85, 87--89, 222, 278--283.
interrupts, 33, 299, 383.
interword spacing, +74--+76, @356, @393--394, 433.
|Interwoven alignment preambles|, 299.
\<intimate assignment>, +277.
invalid characters, 37, 45.
|\iota| ( $\iota$ ), @325, 434.
Isocrates, 239.
|\it| (use {\it italic\/} type), 13--14, 165, 231--232, @332, +351, @409,
  @414--415, @419, 428.
italic corrections, @14, @64, +287, @306, 441, 455.
italic letters with descenders, 319.
italic type, 13--14, 100, 127, 409, 428, 430.
|\item|, @102--103, 117, @340--342, +355, @416, 419.
|\itemitem|, @102, 342, +355.
iteration, \see |\loop|.
|\itfam|, +351, @414--415.
\t Iur'ev, Serge\u\i\ Petrovich, 53.
\newletter
|\j| ( \j\ ), 52, +356.
Jevons, William Stanley, 5.
|\jmath| ( $\jmath$ ), @136, 435.
*|\jobname|, +213, 214, @336.
Johnson, Samuel, 89.
|\joinrel|, +358.
jokes, vi, 303, 449.
|\jot|, @194, @242, +349, @362.
Joyce, James Augustine, 100.
justification, \see setting glue, line breaking.
Justus, Paul E\period, 455.
\newletter
|\kappa| ( $\kappa$ ), @128, 434.
|\ker| ( $\ker$ ), 162, 361.
*|\kern|, 10, 40, @66, 75, 87, 168, @256, @263, +280, @389, @394--395,
  @416, @424, 454--455.
Kernighan, Brian Wilson, 159.
kerns, 4, 66, 75, 95--97, 110, 157, 168, 280, 454--455.
Key Index, 392--394.
keyboards, 3, 5, 43--46, 368--370.
keywords, +61, 71, +268, 337, 370.
Knuth, Donald Ervin, i, ii, vii, 74, 92, 211, 259, 337, 340--341, 412--413,
  424--425.
Knuth, Nancy Jill Carter, iii, 125, 418.
K\"ochel, Ludwig, Ritter von, 409.
\newletter
{\it\$}, \see pound sterling.
|\l| ( \l\ ), @52--53, +356.
|\L| ( \L\ ), @52--53, +356.
|\lambda| ( $\lambda$ ), @176, 434.
|\Lambda| ( $\Lambda$ ), @323, 434.
Lamport, Leslie B\period, 137.
|\land| ( $\land$ ), 133, +361, 438.
|\langle| ( $\langle$ ), @146--147, 150, 156, +359, 437.
large delimiters, 145--150, 442.
large operators, @144--145, 154--155, 358, +435; \also Op atom.
*|\lastbox|, 222, +278, @354, @392, @398, @399.
*|\lastkern|, 214, 271.
*|\lastpenalty|, 214, 271.
*|\lastskip|, 214, @223, 271, @392.
\LaTeX, 137.
|\lbrace| ( $\lbrace$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\lbrack| ( $\lbrack$ ), @146--147, +351, 369, 437.
*|\lccode|, 41, 214, 271, 345, 452--454.
|\lceil| ( $\lceil$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\ldotp|, 358, +359, 438.
|\ldots| ( $\ldots$ ), @73, @172--174, 177, @180--181, @199--201, +359, 438.
|\le| ( $\le$ ), 9, 45, @133, @162, 318, +361, 438.
leaders, 222, 223--226, 228, 280--282, 285, 290, @357, @392--394.
\<leaders>, +281.
*|\leaders|, 95, 110, 223, +224, 225, @357, @392--394.
leading, \see |\baselineskip|, |\vskip|.
|\leavevmode|, 313, @333, @+356, @408, @420.
Lee, Marshall, 17.
*|\left|, @148--150, 155--157, @171, 196, +292, 437.
left brace, @13--14, @19--21, 38, 51, @200--202, +203--+204, @205--206,
  216, +269, 275--276, +283, +286, +291, @330.
\<left brace>, +275.
left bracket, 51, 134, @146--148, 171, @408, @437.
left delimiters, \see openings.
left-hand pages, 252--253, @416.
left parenthesis, 51, 134, @140, @145--150, 345.
left quote, 3--5, 132, 134, @305, 394--395; \also alphabetic constant.
|\leftarrow| ( $\leftarrow$ ), 226, 437.
|\Leftarrow| ( $\Leftarrow$ ), 226, 437.
|\leftarrowfill| (\hbox to4em{\leftarrowfill}), +357.
|\leftharpoondown| ( $\leftharpoondown$ ), 437.
|\leftharpoonup| ( $\leftharpoonup$ ), 437.
|\leftline|, 101, @257, @259--260, @326, +353.
|\leftrightarrow| ( $\leftrightarrow$ ), 437.
|\Leftrightarrow| ( $\Leftrightarrow$ ), 437.
*|\leftskip|, 100, 274, @317, @407, @419.
Legendre symbol, 152.
Leontief, Wassily Wassily, 265.
|\leq| ( $\leq$ ), 318, +358, 436.
|\leqalignno|, 192, 194, +362.
*|\leqno|, @187, 189, +293, 375--376.
Lesk, Michael Edward, 247.
less than or equal, \see |\le|.
less than sign, 52, 53, @133, 150, 209.
*|\let|, 206--207, 215, +277, 307, 309, @352, @376.
\<let assignment>, +277.
|letterformat.tex|, 403, +406--+408.
letterheads, 407.
letters, 7--8, +37, 41, 45--46, 51, 132, 157, 344, 370.
|\lfloor| ( $\lfloor$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\lg| ( $\lg$ ), 162, 361.
|\lgroup|, 150, @176, +359, 437.
|\lhook|, +358.
Liang, Franklin Mark, 449.
library of macros, 199, 382--384, 425.
lies, vii, 303.
ligatures, 4, 19, 46, 51, 54, 75, 95, 165, 302, 381, 427, 454.
|\lim| ( $\lim$ ), 162, @163, 361.
|\liminf| ( $\liminf$ ), 162, @163, @178, +361.
*|\limits|, 144, 159, +291--+292, @359, 443.
limits above and below operators, 144--145, 149, 179.
|\limsup| ( $\limsup$ ), 162, @163, @178, +361.
Lincoln, Abraham, 11.
|\line|, @72, 77, 101, 224, 232, 252, @255--257, +353, @412.
line breaking, 97--100, 173--174, 392--395, 398--400.
line breaks, avoiding bad, 27--30, 91--94, 173--174, 197.
\sub forcing good, 94, 114.
line rules, \see |\hrule|, |\vrule|.
\<linefeed> (ASCII code 10), 369.
*|\linepenalty|, +98, 272, 314, @316, @348.
lines of input, @24, 46--48, @340.
*|\lineskip|, 78--80, 104, 194, 274, 281, 349, @351--352.
*|\lineskiplimit|, 78--80, 104, 194, 274, 281, 349, @351--352, @362.
list macros, 378--380.
|\listing|, 380, 391.
|\ll| ( $\ll$ ), 431, 436.
Llanfair P\period\ G\period, 451.
|\llap|, 82--83, @189, @340--341, +353, @355, @381, @416--417, @422.
|\lmoustache|, 150, +359, 437.
|\ln| ( $\ln$ ), 162, @186, 361.
|\lnot| ( $\lnot$ ), +361, 438.
local, 19--21, \see grouping.
Locke, John, 303.
|\log| ( $\log$ ), 162, @169--170, 361.
log file, 10, 28, 66, 226, 303, 347.
logical operators, \see |\land|, |\lor|, |\lnot|.
logo, 1, 8, 412, \see |\TeX|.
*|\long|, 205--206, 210, 275, 331, @375, @378, @382.
long formulas, 195--197.
|\longindentation|, 407.
|\longleftarrow| ( $\longleftarrow$ ), 358, 437.
|\Longleftarrow| ( $\Longleftarrow$ ), 358, 437.
|\longleftrightarrow| ( $\longleftrightarrow$ ), 358, 437.
|\Longleftrightarrow| ( $\Longleftrightarrow$ ), 358, 437.
|\longmapsto| ( $\longmapsto$ ), 358, 437.
|\longrightarrow| ( $\longrightarrow$ ), @325, 358, 437.
|\Longrightarrow| ( $\Longrightarrow$ ), 358, 437.
looking ahead, 207, 376--377.
|\loop|, @217--219, +352, @373--374, @387, @417.
loose lines, 97, 99, 302.
*|\looseness|, 103--104, 109, 273, @342, 349.
|\lor| ( $\lor$ ), 133, +361, 438.
low-resolution printer, 59.
*|\lower|, @66, 80, 151, 179, +285, +290.
*|\lowercase|, 41, 215, +279, 307, 345.
lowercase letters, 9, 268, 370, 453.
|\lq| ( \lq\ ), 5, 49, +351, 369, @395.
Luckombe, Philip, 447.
lxix, 420.
\newletter
|\m@ne|, +347.
|\m@th|, +353.
machine-independence, 58; \also |.dvi|.
Macro, N\ae vius Sertorius, 219.
macro arguments and parameters, 33, 200--205, 249, @263, @362, @363, @375--380,
  @407.
\<macro assignment>, +275.
macro conventions, 121, 346, 364.
macron accent (\={}), \see |\=|, |\bar|.
macros, 199--219, 373--401.
\sub to save typing in math, 136, 199--200, @324.
*|\mag|, +60, 270, 273, 348.
|\magnification|, 17, 59--60, +364, @403--404.
magnified output, 16--17, 59--60, 403, 433.
|\magstep|, 17, 59--60, +349, @403--404.
|\magstephalf|, 17, +349, 403.
mail, 403--408.
main vertical list, 85, 110, +112, 125, 253--254, 281.
|\maintoks|, 262.
|\makefootline|, 255--257, +364.
|\makeheadline|, 255, 257, +364.
|\makelabel|, 403, @404--405, +408.
|manfnt|, 44, 414.
|manmac.tex|, 413--425.
|\manual|, 44, +414, @419--420.
|\mapsto| ( $\mapsto$ ), 128, +358, 437.
|\mapstochar| ( $\mapstochar$ ), 358.
|\margin|, 415, 424.
marginal hacks, 82, 105, 400, 415, 424.
margins, \see |\hsize|, |\narrower|.
*|\mark|, 95, 157, 216, 258--263, +280, 417, 454.
marks, 95, 110, 157, 213, +258--+263.
markup commands, \see control sequences.
math accents, @135--137, 141, 164--165, +359, 435, +443.
\<math atom>, +291.
\<math character>, +289.
math character codes, 154--157.
\<math field>, +289.
math fonts, 157, @351, 430--433, 441, 447.
math formulas, how to type, 127--197.
math italic, 164--165, 409, 430, 433.
math lists, 157--159, 441--446.
math mode, 85--89, 127, 157, +289--+293.
math spacing table, 170--171.
\<math symbol>, +289.
math symbols, 127--128.
\sub construction of, 151, 178, @358--361.
\sub table of, 434--438.
math-off, 95--97, 287, 447.
math-on, 95, 97, 287, 447.
*|\mathaccent|, 157, 170, +291, @359, +443.
*|\mathbin|, 155, 291, @361.
*|\mathchar|, 155, 289.
*|\mathchardef|, 155, 199, 214, 215, 272, 277, 289, 336, 394.
\<mathchardef token>, 271.
*|\mathchoice|, 151, 157, 292.
*|\mathclose|, 155, 291, @322, @359.
*|\mathcode|, 134, 154--156, 214, 271, 289, 319, 326, @344.
mathematical expressions, 127--197.
Mathematical Reviews, 106, 392--394.
\<mathematical skip>, 290.
mathematical style, 166--167, 182--183.
|\mathhexbox|, +356.
*|\mathinner|, 155, 171, 199, 291, @359.
*|\mathop|, 155, 178, 291, @324--325, @361.
*|\mathopen|, 155, 291, @322, @359.
*|\mathord|, 88--89, 155, 291.
|\mathpalette|, 151, @+360.
*|\mathpunct|, 155, 291.
*|\mathrel|, 155, 291, @359--361.
|\mathstrut|, 131, 178, +360.
*|\mathsurround|, 97, @162, 274, 305, 314, 323, @353, 447.
matrices, 176--178, 181; \also alignments.
|\matrix|, @176--178, 182, @325, +361.
|\max| ( $\max$ ), 162--163, @170--171, 361.
*|\maxdeadcycles|, +255, 273, @348.
*|\maxdepth|, @112--114, 123--125, @255, @262--263, 274, @348, 400, @415.
|\maxdimen|, 58, 188, @262--263, +347, 348.
maximum legal dimension, 58.
maximum legal integer, 118.
*|\meaning|, +213--+215, 336, @382.
measure, \see |\hsize|.
|\medbreak|, 111, 113, 353, @355, @419, @422.
*|\medmuskip| (medium math space), 167--168, 274, @349, 446.
|\medskip| (medium extra vertical space), 70, 79, 102, 109, 111, +352,
  @410--412.
|\medskipamount|, +349, @352--353, @355, @407.
|\medtype|, 408--411.
membership, \see |\in|, |\ni|, |\notin|.
memory space, 100, 300--301, 342, 345, 347, 383, 384, 394, 400.
*|\message|, 216, @217--218, 227--228, +279, @308, 328, @343--344, @355, @418.
{\manual opqrstuq}, 420, 427, 442, 483.
metric units, 57--60.
|\mid| ( $\mid$ ), @174, 436.
|\midinsert|, 116, @340--341, +363.
migration, 105, 117, 259, 280--281, 282, 286, 287.
|\min| ( $\min$ ), 162--163, @170--171, 361.
|minus|, 71, 271, 337.
minus sign, 4, 51, @127, 132, 226, 268.
|! Missing| something, 296--297, 337.
|\mit| (math italic family), 164, +351, 430, @434.
*|\mkern|, 168, +280, +442.
|mm| (millimeter), +57, 270.
mod, @164, 322, +361.
|\models| ( $\models$ ), +358, 436.
modes, 46, 85--89, 175, 267--293.
|modes.tex|, 88--89.
money, 54, 140, @208--209.
*|\month|, 273, 349, @406.
Morris, William, 107.
moustaches, 150.
mouth, \see anatomy of \TeX.
*|\moveleft|, 80--81, +282, 287.
*|\moveright|, 80--81, @221, 282.
Moxon, Joseph, 287.
Mozart, Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus, 409.
|\mp| ( $\mp$ ), @133, 436.
*|\mskip|, 168, +290, 442.
|mu| (math unit), 168, 270, 442.
|\mu| ( $\mu$ ), @162, 434.
\<mu unit>, +270.
\<mudimen>, +270.
\<muglue>, 118, 167--168, +271.
\<muglue parameter>, 271, +274, 276.
\<muglue variable>, +276.
Muir, Cockburn, 283.
Muirhead, James, 21.
multicolumn format, 257, 396--397, 417.
multiple integrals, @169, @180.
*|\multiply|, @118--119, @218, +276, 349, @391, @398.
|\multispan|, 243, 246--247, @334, +354.
Munster, 55.
\<mushrink>, +271.
music, 408--412.
*|\muskip| registers, 118, 168, +271, +276.
*|\muskipdef|, 119, 215, +277.
\<muskipdef token>, +271.
\<mustretch>, +271.
\newletter
|\nabla| ( $\nabla$ ), 435.
names, 73, 92.
|\narrower|, 100, @340--341, +355.
National Science Foundation, vii.
|\natural| ( $\natural$ ), 435.
natural width, 69.
Naur, Peter, 268.
|\ne| ( $\ne$ ), 9, 45, @133, 318, +361, 438.
|\nearrow| ( $\nearrow$ ), 437.
|\neg| ( $\neg$ ), 435.
negated relations, 436--437.
negative dimensions, 66, 222.
|\negthinspace|, 332, +352.
|\neq| ( $\neq$ ), 318, +358, 438.
nesting (i\period e\period, groups inside groups), 20--21, 210, 385.
new symbols, 151, 178, @358--361.
|\newbox|, 121, 346, +347, @353, @394, @417.
|\newcount|, 121, @218, 346, +347, @349, @418.
|\newdimen|, 121, 346, +347, @349, @415.
|\newfam|, 121, 157, 346, +347, @351.
|\newhelp|, 346, +347.
|\newif|, 211, @218, +348, @354, @375, @416, @423.
|\newinsert|, 121, 122, 346, +347, @363, @415.
*|\newlinechar|, +228, 273, @348.
|\newmuskip|, 121, 346, +347.
|\newread|, 121, 216, 346, +347.
|\newskip|, 121, 346, +347, @349, @394, @414.
|\newtoks|, 121, 212, @262, 346, +347, @401.
|\newwrite|, 121, 227, 346, +347, @422--423.
|\next|, +352.
|\ni| ( $\ni$ ), 436.
|\ninepoint|, 15, +414, @419.
|\ninerm|, 15, 413.
|\ninesl|, 15, 413.
|No room|, 347.
*|\noalign|, 176, 191, @193, +237, @246, 249, +282, +286.
|\nobreak| (inhibit line or page break), 97, 109, @174, @193, 335,
  +353, @394, @407.
*|\noexpand|, +209, +213, 215, 216, @348, @377, @424.
*|\noindent|, 86, 188, @262--263, +283, 286, 291, @340--341, @355, @419.
|\nointerlineskip|, 79--80, @255, 331, +352, @389.
*|\nolimits|, 144, 159, +291--+292, @358, @361.
\<non-macro assignment>, +275.
nonaligned leaders, 224--226.
|\nonfrenchspacing|, 74, +351.
*|\nonscript|, 179, +290, 442, 446.
*|\nonstopmode|, +32, +277, 299.
|\nopagenumbers|, 251--252, +362, @406, @409.
norm symbol, \see absolute value, vertical line.
\<normal dimen>, +270.
\<normal integer>, +269.
\<normal mudimen>, +270.
|\normalbaselines|, @325, +349, @351, @414--415.
|\normalbaselineskip|, 349, @414--415.
|\normalbottom|, +363.
|\normallineskip|, +349, @351.
|\normallineskiplimit|, +349, @351, @362.
Norwegian characters, 45--46, 52--53, 370.
|\not| ( $\not$ ), @133, +358, @436--437.
|\notin| ( $\notin$ ), +360, 437.
$n$th, 323.
|\nu| ( $\nu$ ), @128, @163, 434.
nucleus, 158--159, 289--292, 441--446.
|\null|, 311, @332, 351.
\<null> (ASCII code 0), 37, 39, 48, 343, 369.
null control sequence, 47, 308.
null delimiter, 149--150, 152, 156, 345, @360, @362.
null set, \see |\emptyset|.
*|\nulldelimiterspace|, 150, 274, @348, +442.
*|\nullfont|, 14, 153, 271, 433.
\<number>, 44, 118, +269--+270, 272, 309, 349.
*|\number|, 40--41, +213, 214, @252, @406, @424.
number sign, \see hash mark.
numbered footnotes, 121, 125.
numerals, \see digits, roman numerals.
numerator, 141, 152, 179, 444--445.
\<numeric variable>, +276.
numerical tables, 240--241.
|\nwarrow| ( $\nwarrow$ ), 437.
\newletter
|O| versus |0|, 132.
|\o| ( \o\ ), +356.
|\O| ( \O\ ), +356.
|\oalign|, +356.
obelisk {\sl or\/} obelus, 53.
|\obeylines|, @94, @249, @262, 342, +352, @380--382, @407, @419.
|\obeyspaces|, 254, 308, 342, +352, @380--381, @394, @421.
oblique, \see slanted.
\<octal constant>, +269.
\<octal digit>, +269.
octal notation, +43, @44, 155, 420.
odd-numbered pages, 252--253, @416.
|\odot| ( $\odot$ ), 436.
|\oe| ( \oe\ ), 52, +356.
|\OE| ( \OE\ ), 52, @53, +356.
Office of Naval Research, vii.
|\offinterlineskip|, @245--247, 312, +352, @416.
|\oint| (large \ooalign{$\smallint$\cr\hidewidth$\circ$\hidewidth}), +358, 435.
|\oldstyle|, +351.
oldstyle numerals, 430, 435.
|\omega| ( $\omega$ ), @323, +358, 434.
|\Omega| ( $\Omega$ ), +358, 434.
|\omicron|, 434.
|\ominus| ( $\ominus$ ), 436.
*|\omit|, 240, 243--244, @246--247, 282.
one half, 141, 186.
\<one optional space>, +269--+270.
online interaction, \see interacting with \TeX.
|\ooalign|, +356.
Op atom, 158--159, 170--171, 289, 442--444.
Open atom, 158, 170--171, 289, 442--444, 446.
open intervals, 171.
openface, \see blackboard bold.
*|\openin|, +216--217, 280.
openings, 134, 147, 154--155, 359, +437; \also Open atom.
*|\openout|, 226--228, 254, +280, @422, @423.
|\openup|, 194, 237, 242, +362.
|\oplus| ( $\oplus$ ), 9, 154, 436.
optimization of macros, 342, 345, 348.
\<optional assignments>, +286.
\<optional {\tt by}>, +276.
\<optional sign>, +57.
\<optional signs>, +269.
\<optional spaces>, +268, 269--271.
\<optional {\tt true}>, +270.
*|\or|, 210, +213, @406.
Ord atom, 158, 170--171, 289, 358, 442--446.
ordinary symbols, 132, \see Ord atom.
Ore, \O ystein, 53.
organists, 239.
organs, 38--39, 46, 85, +267, 373, +456.
orphan, \see widow word.
Osbourne, Lloyd, 67.
|\oslash| ( $\oslash$ ), 436.
|\other|, 421.
other character, 37.
|\otimes| ( $\otimes$ ), 9, 436.
*|\outer|, +206, 210, 275, @354, @357, @418--419, @422.
*|\output|, 125, +253, @254--257, 275, @364, 370, @417.
output routines, 21, 112, 251--264, 417.
\sub when invoked, 122, 125, 281.
*|\outputpenalty|, +125, @254--255, 273, 349, 400, @417.
*|\over|, @139--141, @148, 152, 292, 437, 444--445.
Over atom, 158, 289, 443.
|\overbrace|, @176, 225, +359.
overfull box, 27--30, 94, 238, 302--303, 307, 400.
*|\overfullrule|, 274, 307, @348.
overlaps, 82--83, 386.
|\overleftarrow|, +359.
*|\overline|, @130--131, @136, 141, 170, 291, 443.
overloading, 54, 243.
|\overrightarrow|, 226, +359.
*|\overwithdelims|, @152, 292, 444--445.
|\owns| ( $\owns$ ), +361, 438.
\newletter
|\P| ( \P\ ), 53, 117, +356, 438--439.
|\p@|, +347, 348.
|\p@renwd|, +361.
page breaks, avoiding bad, 109--111, 189, 193.
\sub forcing good, 109--111; \also |\eject|.
page builder, 110--114, 122--125, 281.
\sub when exercised, 122, 281--283, 286--287.
page format, modifying, 251--253.
page make-up, 109, \see output routines.
page numbers, 21, 23, 119, 207, 251--253.
|\pagebody|, 255--257, +364.
|\pagecontents|, 256, +364.
*|\pagedepth|, +114, 123, 214, 271.
*|\pagefilllstretch|, +114, 214, 271.
*|\pagefillstretch|, +114, 214, 271.
*|\pagefilstretch|, +114, 214, 271.
*|\pagegoal|, +114, 123, 214, 271.
|\pageinsert|, 115, +363.
|\pageno|, @252, @256, @340, +362, @406.
*|\pageshrink|, +114, 123, 214, 271.
*|\pagestretch|, +114, 214, 271.
*|\pagetotal|, +114, 123, 214, 271.
*|\par|, +47, 86--87, 100, 135, 202, 249, 262, +283, +286, @340, 351, @380--381.
\sub forbidden in arguments, 205, 207.
paragraph, implied beginning of, 85--86, +283.
\sub implied end of, @24, 86, +286.
\sub last line of, 99--100.
\sub shape parameters reset, 103.
paragraph sign, 53.
|\parallel| ( $\parallel$ ), 436.
\<parameter text>, 203, 275.
parameters, \see macro arguments and parameters.
parameters, numeric, 119, 342; \also |\fontdimen|.
\sub default values, 348--349.
\sub table, 272--274.
parentheses, 51, 129, 134, @140, @145--150, 345, 437.
\sub roman, in italic text, 409--411.
*|\parfillskip|, 100, 188, 274, +286, 307, @315, 332, @348, @394, @419.
*|\parindent|, 86, 100, 101--102, 105, @262, 274, 282, 286, 291, @342, @348,
  @355, @394, @406, @415.
*|\parshape|, 101--102, 214, 271, 277, @315, 349, 374.
*|\parskip|, 79, 104--105, 262, 274, 282, @342, @348, @355, @406, @417.
|\partial| ( $\partial$ ), @147, 435.
Pascal, Blaise, 101--102.
|\path|, 390--391.
*|\patterns|, 277, 453.
patterns for hyphenation, 449--453.
*|\pausing|, 273, +303.
Paxton, William Hamilton, 425.
|pc| (pica), +57, 270, @415.
penalties, 95--100, 110--114, 189.
\sub infinite, 97, 111, 286, 400.
\sub negatively infinite, 97, 111--112, 114, 254--256, 264, 400.
*|\penalty|, 79, 97, 110--111, 174, +280, @353.
|\penalty-'10000000000|, 264.
percent sign, @26, 38, 39, 43, 48, 51, 113, 124, @249, @337, @340.
period, 51, @72--73, 133--134, 149, @161, 345, @394--395, 430.
\sub space after, @73--75; +76.
periodic preambles, 241--242, @244, @246, @361, @412.
Perlis, Alan J\period, 365.
|\perp| ( $\perp$ ), +358, 436.
|\phantom|, 131, 178, 211, +360, @412.
|\phi| ( $\phi$ ), @128, @148, 434.
|\Phi| ( $\Phi$ ), @323, 434.
Philips, Peter, 239.
philosophers, 100, 239.
\<physical unit>, +270.
|\pi| ( $\pi$ ), 9, @87, @137, @148--149, 434.
|\Pi| ( $\Pi$ ), 9, @324, 434, 435.
piano, 17.
pica, 57, 413, \see |pc|.
pictures, 228--229.
pieces of symbols, 145, 432, 442.
pilcrow, \see |\P|.
|plain.tex|, 342--364.
plain \TeX\ format, 10--11, +343--+364.
\sub summary, 339--342.
|\plainoutput|, 255, +364.
Plass, Michael Frederick, 340--341.
Plato, 1, 239.
|plus|, 71, 271, 337.
\<plus or minus>, +268.
plus sign, 51, 132, 268.
|\pm| ( $\pm$ ), @133, +358, 436.
|\pmatrix|, 176, @323, +362.
|\pmod| (notation like (mod~$p$)), @164, 322, +361.
|\pnt|, 395.
pocket-size, 59.
poem, 94.
points (printers' units), 15, 57--58.
points with arbitrary coordinates, 389.
Polish characters, 52--53.
P\'olya, Gy\"orgy (= George), 7.
poor man's bold, 386.
*|\postdisplaypenalty|, 189--190, 273.
poultry, 236--237.
pound sign, \see hash mark.
pound sterling, 54, 428.
powers of ten, 293.
powers of two, 293.
|\Pr| ( $\Pr$ ), 162, @323, 361.
preambles, 206, 235--249.
|\prec| ( $\prec$ ), 436.
|\preceq| ( $\preceq$ ), 436.
*|\predisplaypenalty|, 189--190, 273, @348.
*|\predisplaysize|, 188, 190, 274, 349.
\<prefix>, +275.
|\preloaded|, +350, 413.
preloaded formats, 25--26, 39, 283, 344.
Presume, Livingstone Irving, 74.
*|\pretolerance|, 96, 272, @317, @348, @364, @394, @451.
pretty-printed programs, 165, 234.
*|\prevdepth|, 79--80, 89, 271, 281, +282.
|prevdepth ignored|, 88--89.
*|\prevgraf|, 103, 188, 190, 214, 271.
|\prime| ( $\prime$ ), @130, 155, 357, 435.
prime numbers, 148--149, 218.
primitive, 9--11, 267, 342, 457.
private control sequences, 344, 364, 414.
|\proclaim|, 202--203, 206, @340--341, +355.
Procter, William Alexander, 38.
|\prod| (large $\Pi$), @180--181, 435.
programming with \TeX, 217--219, 387--388.
programs, for computers, 38, 165, 234.
\sub for music, 408--412.
proofreading, 59, 303.
proper names, 73, 92.
|\propto| ( $\propto$ ), 436.
prototype row, 238, 302--303.
Pr\ae torius [Schultheiss], Michael, 239.
|\ps|, 403, @404, +407.
pseudo parameters, 119, +349.
|\psi| ( $\psi$ ), @325, 434.
|\Psi| ( $\Psi$ ), 434.
psychologically bad breaks, @91--93.
|pt| (printer's point), @24, +57--+58, 268--270.
Punct atom, 158, 170--171, 289, 442--443, 446.
punctuation, 14, 51, 72--76, 321, 394--395.
\sub in formulas, 134, 154--155, 358--359, 438; \also Punct atom.
\newletter
|\qquad|, @166, @185, +352.
quad, 60, 166--168, 177, 433.
|\quad|, @94, 166--167, @185, @232--233, +352.
quad left, \see flush left.
quad middle, \see |\break|.
quad right, \see flush right.
quarter circles, 389--391.
question mark, 51, 73, 161.
Quick, Jonathan Horatio, 298.
quotation marks, @3--5, @24, 394--395.
quotations, 100, 418--419, 425.
quotes within quotes, 5.
\newletter
$\rm I\!R$, \see blackboard bold.
Rad atom, 158, 289, 443.
*|\radical|, 157--159, 291, 443.
ragged bottom margins, 111, 253, 256, 398.
ragged left margins, 392--394.
ragged right margins, 29--30, 101, 261--262, 355--356, 392--394.
|\raggedbottom|, 111, 253, +363, @406.
|\raggedcenter|, 107.
|\raggedright|, 29--30, 76, 101, 107, @115, @262, +356, @396, @407.
*|\raise|, @66--67, 80, 151, 179, @193, +285, +290, @408.
|\rangle| ( $\rangle$ ), @146--147, 150, +359, 437.
Raper, Matthew, 61.
|\rbrace| ( $\rbrace$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\rbrack| ( $\rbrack$ ), @146--147, +351, 369, 437.
|\rceil| ( $\rceil$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\Re| ( $\Re$ ), 435.
*|\read|, 215, 217--218, 276, 346.
recent contributions, 112, 125, 281.
recovery from errors, 30--34, 295--303.
recursion, 219, 268, 301, 379, 391, 397.
\sub infinite, 299, 301, 383.
reduction, 16.
reference marks, 116--117.
reference point of a box, 63--64, 77, 80--82, 388--389.
\<registerdef>, +277.
registers, 117--122, 212, 214, 346--348.
registration marks, 416.
Reid, Brian Keith, 371, 404--406.
Rel atom, 158, 170--171, 289, 442--444, 446--447.
\<relation>, +209.
relations, @133--134, 147, 154--155, 358, +436, +437; \also Rel atom.
*|\relax|, 23, 25, 71, 240, 276, +279, @307, @353.
|\relbar| ( $\relbar$ ), +358.
|\Relbar| ( $\Relbar$ ), +358.
*|\relpenalty|, 101, 174, 272, 322, @348, +446.
|\removelastskip|, +353.
|\repeat|, @217--219, +352.
repeating commands, \see |\loop|.
reserved characters, 37--38, 51--52, 134.
reserved words, +61, 71, +268, 337, 370.
restricted horizontal mode, 85, 87--89, +285--+287.
r\'esum\'e, 253.
\<return> (ASCII code 13), 23, 39, 43, 45, 46, 48, 249, 331, 343, 345, 369, 380.
|\|\<return>, 8, @305, +351.
reverse apostrophe, 3--5, 51, 132, 134, 391, 394--395;
  \also alphabetic constant.
reverse slash, \see backslash.
Reviewer, Ann Arbor, 106.
|\rfloor| ( $\rfloor$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\rgroup|, 150, @176, +359, 437.
|\rho| ( $\rho$ ), 128, @325, 434.
|\rhook|, +358.
*|\right|, @148--150, 155--157, @171, 196, +292, 437.
right brace, @13--14, @19--21, 38, 51, @200--202, +203--+204, @205--206,
  +269, 275--276, +279, 301, @330.
\<right brace>, +275.
right bracket, 51, 134, @146--147, 171, 345, @408, @437.
right delimiters, \see openings.
right-hand pages, 252--253, @416.
right justification, 71.
right parenthesis, 51, 134, @140, @145--150, 345.
right quote, 3--5, 51, @130, 155, 201, @305, 324, 394--395; \also octal.
|\rightarrow| ( $\rightarrow$ ), 226, 437.
|\Rightarrow| ( $\Rightarrow$ ), 226, 437.
|\rightarrowfill| (\hbox to4em{\rightarrowfill}), 226, +357.
|\rightharpoondown| ( $\rightharpoondown$ ), 437.
|\rightharpoonup| ( $\rightharpoonup$ ), 437.
|\rightleftharpoons| ( $\rightleftharpoons$ ), +360--+361, 437.
|\rightline|, 101, @317, @340--341, +353.
*|\rightskip|, 100--101, 274, @317, @356, 393, @421.
|\rlap|, 82--83, @189, @247, @319, +353, @389, @416.
|\rm| (use roman type), 13--15, 154, @163, @320, +351, @364, @409, @414--415,
  @419, 427.
|\rmoustache|, 150, +359.
roman letters in math, 162--164.
roman numerals, 40--41, 252, 256.
\sub uppercase, 374.
roman parentheses in italic text, 409--411.
roman type, 13--17, 51--55, 127, 162--165, 427.
*|\romannumeral|, 40--41, 213, 214, @252.
Root, Waverley Lewis, 55.
|\root|, @130--131, @179, @325, +360.
rounding, 58, 119.
|\rq| ( \rq\ ), 5, 49, +351, 369, @395.
rule boxes, 24, 64, 221--225, 281--282, 285, 290.
\<rule dimension>, +282.
\<rule specification>, +282.
rule thickness, 143, 179, 221, 447.
ruled tables, 245--248, 392.
rulers, 58.
runaways, 205--206, 297.
running headlines, 253, 258--260, 416.
running the program, 23--35.
Russian characters, 370.
\newletter
|\S| ( \S\ ), 53, 117, +356, 438--439.
Sally, Baby, 72--76.
sample line for tabbing, 232--234.
sample pages for book design, 412--413.
|save size|, 300--301, 374, 399--400.
save stack buildup, 301, 346.
|\sb|, 135, +357, 369.
|\sc| (use {\sc SMALL CAPS} type), 414--415.
|scaled|, 16--17, 60, 277, @350, 433.
scaled points, 57--58, 270.
Scandinavian letters, 45--46, 52--53.
Schickele, Prof\period~Peter, 410--411, 481.
scratch control sequence, 352.
scratch registers, 122, 346.
Scribe, 371, 404.
script letters, 164, 434.
script size, 140, 153, 442.
script style, 140--142, 441--447.
*|\scriptfont|, 153, 168, 213, 271, 321, 351, @414--415, 441--442.
scriptscript size, 140, 145, 153, 442.
scriptscript style, 140--142, 441--447.
*|\scriptscriptfont|, 153, 168, 213, 271, 351, @414--415, 441--442.
*|\scriptscriptstyle|, 141--142, @179, 292.
*|\scriptspace|, 274, 348, 445.
*|\scriptstyle|, 141--142, @145, @179, 292.
*|\scrollmode|, +32, +277.
|\searrow| ( $\searrow$ ), 437.
|\sec| ( $\sec$ ), 162, 361.
section number sign, \see |\S|.
Selden, John, 11.
selection, \see |\cases|.
semicolon, 51, @134, 161.
sentences, 72--76.
Sesame Street, 61.
set macro, 379.
set notation, @147, @174--175.
*|\setbox|, 66--67, 77, 81, +120, 276, @386--392.
|\setminus| ( $\setminus$ ), @436.
|\settabs|, 231--234, +354, 355.
setting the glue, 70, 77, 81, 388.
|\setupverbatim|, 380--381, 391.
|\sevenrm|, 15, 153, +350, 351, @414--415.
*|\sfcode|, +76, 214, 271, 286, @321, @345, @351.
shadow boxes, 66.
Shakespeare, William, 17, 55, 337.
\<shape assignment>, +277.
\<shape dimensions>, +277.
|\sharp| ( $\sharp$ ), @409, 435.
sharp S ( \ss\ ), \see |\ss|.
sharp sign, \see hash mark.
Shaw, George Bernard, 107, 229.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley Butler, 265.
shilling sign, \see slash.
*|\shipout|, 227, 253--254, 279, 300, 302.
shortest paths, 99.
\<shorthand definition>, +277.
*|\show|, @10, 215, 279, 299.
*|\showbox|, @66--67, 121, 234, 279.
*|\showboxbreadth|, 273, 302--303, 348.
*|\showboxdepth|, 79, 273, 302--303, 348.
|\showhyphens|, +364, @452.
*|\showlists|, @88--89, 95, 112, 125, @158--159, 279, 292.
*|\showthe|, 121, 215, 279.
Shriek, \see exclamation point.
\<shrink>, +271.
shrinkability, 69--71, @75, 409.
side conditions, @166--167, @185--186.
|\sigma| ( $\sigma$ ), @195--196, 434.
|\Sigma| ( $\Sigma$ ), @165, 434, 435.
sigma signs, \see |\sum|.
|\signed|, 106.
|\sim| ( $\sim$ ), @133, 436.
|\simeq| ( $\simeq$ ), @133, 436.
\<simple assignment>, +276.
|\sin| ( $\sin$ ), 162, 361.
|\sinh| ( $\sinh$ ), 162, 361.
sinkage, 413.
size switching, 15, 408, 414--415.
sizes of type for mathematics, 140, 153.
|\skew|, @136, +359.
*|\skewchar|, 214, 271, 273, 277, @351, @414, 430, 431, +443.
*|\skip| registers, 118--122, +271, +276, @346--347, @349, @352, @363, @394.
*|\skipdef|, 119, 215, +277, @346--347.
\<skipdef token>, +271.
skipping space, \see glue.
|\sl| (use {\sl slanted\/} type), 13--15, 165, +351, @409, @414--415, @419.
slant of a font, 375, 433.
slanted type, 13, 63--64, 100.
slash, 51, @132, 146--147, @320, 430.
|\slash| (/ with break allowed), @93, +353.
slashed form of fractions, 139--140.
Slavic h\'a\v cek accent, \see |\v|.
|\slfam|, +351, @414--415.
slides, 59.
slurs, \see |\smile|, |\frown|.
small caps, 414.
|\smallbreak|, 111, +353, 421.
|\smallint| ( $\smallint$ ), +358, 435.
|\smallskip|, 70, 78, @100, 109, 111, @181, @340--341, +352, @355, @410--412.
|\smallskipamount|, +349, @352--353.
|\smalltype|, 408--411.
|\smash|, 131, 178, @327, +360.
|\smile| ( $\smile$ ), 436.
solidus, \see slash.
sophisticated spacing, 74.
|sp| (scaled point), +57, 118--119, 270, 398, 400.
|\sp| (superscript), 135, +357, 369.
\<space> (ASCII code 32), 39, 43, 46, 343.
|\|\<space>, \see |\|\] (near the beginning).
|\space|, 254, 272, @306, +351, 380, @406.
space after a constant, 208, 272.
space factor, 76, 285--287, 306, 380, 395.
\<space token>, 268, +269, 282, 285, 290, @376--377.
*|\spacefactor|, 76, 271, 285, @363, 433.
spaces, 3, 5, 8--9, 19, 37, 40, 47--48, 127, 204, 232, 272, 297, 299, 319, 336.
\sub as active characters, 254, 380--381.
*|\spaceskip|, 76, 274, @317, @356, 429.
spacing, \see glue.
\sub in formulas, 162, 167--171.
|\spadesuit| ( $\spadesuit$ ), +358, 435.
*|\span|, 215, 238, +243--+245, 248, 249, 282, 385.
Spanish ligatures, 51, 381, 427.
spanned columns in tables, 243--245.
spanned rows in tables, 249.
*|\special|, 216, 226, +228--+229, 280.
special characters, 37--38, 43--46, 51--52, 134, 367--371.
\<special dimen>, +271, 277.
\<special integer>, +271, 277.
special symbols for math, 128, 434--438.
Spivak, Michael David, 137.
|% split|, 124.
split insertion penalty, 124.
*|\splitbotmark|, 213, +259, 280.
*|\splitfirstmark|, 213, +259, 280.
*|\splitmaxdepth|, 124, 274, 281, @348, @363, @417.
*|\splittopskip|, 124, 274, 281, @348, @363, @397, @417.
|spread|, 77, 222, 238, 278.
springs, 70.
|\sqcap| ( $\sqcap$ ), @133, 436.
|\sqcup| ( $\sqcup$ ), @133, 436.
|\sqrt|, @130--131, @141, @145, 157, @169--170, +360, +443.
|\sqsubseteq| ( $\sqsubseteq$ ), 436.
|\sqsupseteq| ( $\sqsupseteq$ ), 436.
|\square| ( $\vcenter{\hrule
      \hbox{\vrule height\sqht \kern\sqht \vrule}
      \hrule}$ ), 151.
square brackets, \see brackets.
square bullet ( \bull\ ), +420.
square root, \see |\sqrt|.
squeeze routine, 188.
squiggle accent (\~{}), \see |\~|, |\tilde|, |\widetilde|.
squint print, 59.
|\ss| ( \ss\ ), 52, +356.
stack positions, 300--301, 374, 399--400.
stacked fractions, \see |\over|.
|\star| ( $\star$ ), 436; {\sl cf\period}~asterisk.
states, 46--48.
sterling, 54, 428.
Stevenson, Robert Louis Balfour, 67.
Stirling numbers, \see |\brace|, |\brack|.
stomach, \see anatomy of \TeX.
stopping \TeX, \see |\end|.
|story.tex|, 24, 26, 30--31.
Stout, Rex Todhunter, 401.
\<stretch>, +271.
stretchability, 69--71, @75, 409.
*|\string|, 40--41, +213--+214, 215, @348, @377.
|\strut|, 82, @142, 178, 240, @246--247, @316, @329, @333, +353, @396, @400,
  @421.
|\strutbox|, @316, +353, @396, @414--415.
struts, +82, 125, 131, 142, 178, 245--247, 255, 329, 416, 422, 423.
style change items, 157, 442.
style-independent documents, 194, 203.
styles of math formatting, 140--141, 441--447.
styles of math writing, 166--167, 182--183.
subformulas, 129, 171, 173.
\<subscript>, +291.
subscripts, 15, @128--131, @133, 150, 158--159, @163, 179, +289--+291, 343.
|\subset| ( $\subset$ ), @133, 436.
|\subseteq| ( $\subseteq$ ), @133, 436.
|\succ| ( $\succ$ ), 436.
|\succeq| ( $\succeq$ ), 436.
|\sum| (large $\Sigma$), @139, @144--145, @148--149, +358, 432--433, 435.
|\sum|$'$, 181, @324--325.
summary of plain \TeX, 339--342.
summation, \see |\sum|.
|\sup| ( $\sup$ ), 162, +361.
|\supereject|, 116, 254, 256, 257, +353, @407.
superiors, \see superscripts.
\<superscript>, +291.
superscripts, @128--131, @133, 150, 158--159, 179, +289--+291, 343.
suppressed-L, 52--53.
|\supset| ( $\supset$ ), 436.
|\supseteq| ( $\supseteq$ ), 436.
|\surd| ( $\surd$ ), +358, 435.
surd signs, \see |\radical|, |\sqrt|.
Swanson, Ellen Esther, 197.
|\swarrow| ( $\swarrow$ ), 437.
Swedish characters, 52--53, 370.
Sweelinck, Jan Pieterszoon, 239.
\'Swierczkowski, Stanis\l aw Slawomir, 53.
Swift, Jonathan, 5.
symbol fonts, 157, @351, 431, 433, 441, 447.
symbolic box format, 66, 75, 79, 158--159, 302, 455.
symbols in math, table, 434--438.
syntax rules, 268--269.
System Development Foundation, vii.
Szeg\H o, G\'abor, 7.
\newletter
|\t| (tie-after accent), 52--53, +356.
\<tab> (ASCII code 9), 8, 45, 343, 369, 391.
|\|\<tab>, 8, 351.
|\tabalign|, +354, 355.
tabbing, 231--234, @339, +354.
\sub compared to |\halign|, 235.
tables of contents, 120, 226.
tables of \TeX\ trivia:
\sub accents (non-math), 52, 339.
\sub atomic types, 158.
\sub category codes, 37.
\sub character codes, 367--369.
\sub default values, 343--345, 348--349.
\sub |\fontdimen| parameters, 433, 447.
\sub keywords, 61.
\sub math accents, 135.
\sub math classes, 154.
\sub math spacing, 170--171.
\sub math symbols, 434--438.
\sub parameters, 272--275.
\sub units of measure, 57.
|\tabs|, 234, +354.
*|\tabskip|, 215, 237--239, @244, @247, 274, 282, 285, @354.
tabskip glue, 237--238, 245, 302--303, 392.
Tacitus, Publius Cornelius, 219.
tags, \see equation numbers.
tail recursion, 219.
|\tan| ( $\tan$ ), 162, 361.
|\tanh| ( $\tanh$ ), 162, +361.
|\tau| ( $\tau$ ), 1, 434.
Tchaikovsky, \see Cha\u\i kovski\u\i.
telephone numbers, 408.
templates, 235--236, 240--243.
|\tenex|, +350, @351, @361, @414--415.
|\tenpoint|, 15, +414, @418.
|\tenrm|, 15, 27--28, 45, 153, 252, @335, +350, @351, @414.
|\tensl|, 15, +350, @351, @414.
tensor notation, @130, @169.
|\tensy|, @179, +350, @351, @414.
terminal, input from, 217--218.
\sub output to, 217--218, 226--228, 279--280.
TEX, 1.
\TeX, bad puns on, 1, 11, 63, 153, 161, 225, 229, 262, 305, @340--341, +373.
\sub pronunciation of, 1.
|TeX|, 1.
|\TeX| ( \TeX\ ), 8--10, 19, 66--67, 204, 225, @340--341, +356, +418, +419.
|.tex|, 25, 217, 226.
|TeX capacity exceeded|, 300--301.
\TeX\ Grandmasters, 253.
\TeX\ Users Group, vii, 408, 483.
\TeX78, vii.
|texput|, 23.
text between aligned displays, 193.
text size, 140, 153, 442.
text style, 140--142, 441--447.
*|\textfont|, 153, 168, 188, 213, 271, +351, @414--415, 441--442.
|\textindent|, 117, +355.
*|\textstyle|, 141--142, +292, @326.
|.tfm| (font metric files), 401, 433, 442.
*|\the|, +214--+215, @216, @373, @375, @422.
theorems, 111, 202--203, @340--341, +355.
|\theta| ( $\theta$ ), 128, @162, @325, 434.
|\Theta| ( $\Theta$ ), 434.
*|\thickmuskip| (thick math space), 167--168, 274, @349, 446.
thin spaces, 161, 167--173, 305, 409.
*|\thinmuskip| (thin math space), 167--168, 274, @349, 446.
|\thinspace|, @5, 10, 305, @311, +352, 409.
|This can't happen|, 299.
Thor, Arthur Uther, 24, 117, 200, 253.
three-column output, 257, 396--398.
three dots, \see ellipses.
tie-after accent, \see |\t|.
ties, 25, 73--74, +91--+93, 104, @161, 167, @173, @404.
tight lines, 97, 99, 302.
tilde, 38, 51, @91--92, \see ties.
|\tilde| (math accent: $\tilde x$), 135, 164.
tilde accent (\~{}), \see |\~|, |\tilde|, |\widetilde|.
*|\time|, 273, 349.
|\times| ( $\times$ ), @133, 436.
Times Tribune, Peninsula, 455.
Titelouze, Jehan, 239.
|to|, 77, 217, 222, 238, +276, +278.
|\to|, @134, +361, 438.
|\today|, @406.
token list parameters and registers, 212, 215, 275, 373.
token lists, as displayed by \TeX, 228, 329, 382.
\<token parameter>, +275.
\<token variable>, 212, +276.
tokens, 38--41, 46--48, 203--207.
*|\toks|, 212, 215, 262, 276.
*|\toksdef|, 212, 215, 277, @347, @378.
\<toksdef token>, +271.
*|\tolerance|, @29--30, 91, 94, 96, 272, @317, @333, @342, @348, @364, @451.
|\top| ( $\top$ ), 435.
|\topins|, 256, +363, @364.
|\topinsert|, 115--116, 251, +363.
*|\topmark|, 213, +258, 259--260, 280.
*|\topskip|, +113--+114, 124, 256, 274, @348.
Trabb Pardo, Luis Isidoro, 92.
|\tracingall|, 121, 303, +364.
*|\tracingcommands|, 88--89, +212, 273, 299.
*|\tracinglostchars|, 273, +301, @348, @401.
*|\tracingmacros|, +205, 273, @329.
*|\tracingonline|, 121, 212, 273, 303.
*|\tracingoutput|, 154, 273, @301--302.
*|\tracingpages|, @112--114, 124, 273.
*|\tracingparagraphs|, @98--99, 273.
*|\tracingrestores|, 273, +301.
*|\tracingstats|, 273, +300, @383.
transcript, \see log file.
transparencies, 59.
|\triangle| ( $\triangle$ ), 435.
|\triangleleft| ( $\triangleleft$ ), 436.
|\triangleright| ( $\triangleright$ ), 436.
triangular quotation, 101--102.
tricky macros, 41, 261--263, 354, 360, 361, 373--401, 421.
|true|, 59--60, +270, @407--408.
truth, vi, 267.
Tschichold, Jan, 83.
|\tt| (use {\tt typewriter} type), 13, 53, 113, 165, @340--341, +351,
  @380--382, @414--415, +429.
|\ttfam|, +351, @414--415.
|\ttglue|, 414--415, 421.
|\ttraggedright|, +356.
{\sl\backup TUGboat}, vii, 425, 483.
turtle commands, 390--391.
Twain, Mark (= Clemens, Samuel Langhorne), 83, 451.
two-column format, @257, 386--388, @417.
two-line displays, 196.
type size switching, 15, 408, 414--415.
typefaces, 13, 17, 427.
typewriter type, 13, 53, 165, 356, 420--421, 429.
\newletter
|\u| (breve accent), 52--53, +356.
*|\uccode|, 41, 214, 271, 345, @348, @377, @394.
*|\uchyph|, 273, @348, +454.
umlaut accent (\"{}), \see |\"|, |\ddot|.
unbreakable spaces, \see ties.
|\uncatcodespecials|, 380.
|\undefined|, 384.
undelimited parameters, 203--204, 376--377.
Under atom, 158, 289, 443.
|\underbar|, @244, @323, +353.
|\underbrace|, @176, 225--226, +359.
underfull box, 29, 94, 238, 302--303, 397, 400, 417, 452.
*|\underline|, 130--131, 141, 291, 443.
underlined text, 178.
underscore (the character `|_|'), 38, 51, @128--130, 134, @165.
*|\unhbox|, 120, 283, 285, @354, @356, @361, @399.
*|\unhcopy|, 120, 283, 285, @353.
\<unit of measure>, 268, +270.
units of measure, 57--61, 270.
\sub in formulas, 169.
\sub table, 57.
*|\unkern|, 280.
unmatched left brace, 216; \also runaways.
*|\unpenalty|, 280.
unset box, 240, 302--303.
\<unsigned dimen>, +270.
\<unsigned mudimen>, +270.
\<unsigned number>, +269.
*|\unskip|, 222--223, 280, 286, @313, @392, @418--419.
*|\unvbox|, 120, 254, 282, 286, @354, @361, @363, @364, @392, @399, @417.
*|\unvcopy|, 120, 282, 286, @361.
|\up|, 408.
|\uparrow| ( $\uparrow$ ), @146--147, @182, +359, 437.
|\Uparrow| ( $\Uparrow$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\upbracefill| (\hbox to4em{\upbracefill}), 225--226, +357.
|\updownarrow| ( $\updownarrow$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\Updownarrow| ( $\Updownarrow$ ), @146--147, +359, 437.
|\uplus| ( $\uplus$ ), 436.
*|\uppercase|, 41, 215, 217, +279, 307, 345, @348, @374, @377, @394.
uppercase letters, 9, 64, 268, 370.
\sub Greek, 127, 164, 434.
\sub roman numerals, 374.
|\upsilon| ( $\upsilon$ ), 434, 483.
|\Upsilon| ( $\Upsilon$ ), 434.
Ursa Major, 389.
User, Ben Lee, 74, 80, 100, 140, 164, 186, 187, 193, 221, 296, 410--411.
\newletter
|\v| (check accent), 52, +356.
*|\vadjust|, 95, 105, 109, 110, 117, 259, 281, 393, 454.
*|\valign|, 249, 283, 285--286, 302, @335, @397.
Vall\'ee Poussin, Charles Louis Xavier Joseph de la, 92.
van der Waerden, Bartel Leendert, 92.
van Leunen, Mary-Claire, 425.
|\varepsilon| ( $\varepsilon$ ), 128, 434.
\<variable assignment>, +276.
variable family, 154, 289, @358--359.
variables in formulas, 132, 358, 434--435; \also Ord atom.
|\varphi| ( $\varphi$ ), 128, @147, 434.
|\varpi| ( $\varpi$ ), 434.
|\varrho| ( $\varrho$ ), 128, 434.
|\varsigma| ( $\varsigma$ ), 434, 483.
|\vartheta| ( $\vartheta$ ), 128, 434.
*|\vbadness|, 272, @348, @397, @417.
vbox (box with vertical list inside), 65.
*|\vbox|, 65, 80--82, 103, 151, 193, 222, 278, 388--389.
Vcent atom, 158, 290, 443.
*|\vcenter|, 151, 159, 170, 193, 222, 242, +290, @361, +443.
|\vdash| ( $\vdash$ ), 436.
|\vdots| ( $\vdots$ ), @177, 359.
|\vec| (math accent: $\vec x\,$), 135; \also |\overrightarrow|.
vectors, 177, 199--201; \also |\vec|.
|\vee| ( $\vee$ ), @133, 436.
verbatim copying, 422--423.
verbatim listing, 48, 380--382, 391, 420--421.
|\vert| ( $\vert$ ), @146--147, 150, +359, 438; {\sl cf\period}~|\mid|.
|\Vert| ( $\Vert$ ), 117, @146--147, 150, +359, 186.
\<vertical command>, +286.
vertical line (the character `\|'), 52, 53, 132, @146--147, @171, @174, 438;
  \also vertical rules.
vertical lists, 64, +110.
vertical mode, 85--89, +267--+283.
\<vertical mode material>, 278.
\<vertical rule>, +281.
vertical rules, 64, 151, 221--226, +285, +290, 392.
\<vertical skip>, +281.
very loose lines, 97, 99.
*|\vfil|, 71--72, 111, 256, 281, 286, 417.
*|\vfill|, 24, 25, 71, 256--257, 281, 286.
|\vfilll|, 72.
*|\vfilneg|, 72, 111, 281, 286.
|\vfootnote|, 117, +363.
*|\vfuzz|, 274, @348.
|\vglue|, 340, +352.
vinculum, \see |\overline|.
virgule, \see slash, 51.
visible space, +3, +420, 429.
*|\voffset|, +251, 252--253, 274, @342, @406.
void, 120, 210.
|\voidb@x|, +348.
Voltaire, de (= Arouet, \hfil\penalty0\hfilneg Fran\c cois Marie), 447.
|\vphantom|, @178--179, 211, @321, +360.
*|\vrule|, 64, 86, 151, 221--222, 224, @245--247, +281--+282, 283, @357, @392,
  @420.
*|\vsize|, 113--114, 251, 253, 255, 274, @340--341, @348, 400, @406, 413, @415,
  @417.
*|\vskip|, @24, 71, 85, 191, +281, 286.
*|\vsplit|, +124, 222, 259, 278, @397, @417.
*|\vss|, 71--72, @255, +281, 286.
*|\vtop|, 81--82, 151, 222, 278, @333.
\newletter
Walter's worksheet, 244.
Walton, Izaak, 67.
Watson, John Hamish, M\period D\period, 401.
*|\wd|, 120, 271, +388--+389, @391, @417.
|\wedge| ( $\wedge$ ), @133, 436.
Weierstrass $p$, \see |\wp|.
weird error, 298.
Welsh, 239, 451.
Westing, Arthur Herbert, 246.
whatsits, 95, 110, 157, 226--229.
|\widehat| (math accent: $\widehat x\,$), @136, +359, 433.
|\widetilde| (math accent: $\widetilde x\,$), @136, 359.
widow lines, 104, 272, 398.
widow words, 104.
*|\widowpenalty|, 104, 113, 272, @348.
|width|, 221, 224, +282, 337.
width of a box, 63--67, 77, 80--82, 225.
wiggle, \see |\sim|.
Winograd, Terry Allen, 425.
Wischmeyer Ehlert, Clara Louise, 248.
|withdelims|, 152, 156.
|\wlog|, +347.
Wolfe [Holmes], Nero, 401.
|\wp| ( $\wp$ ), 435.
|\wr| ( $\wr$ ), 436.
wreath product, \see |\wr|.
*|\write|, 215, 216, 226--228, 254, +280, 346, @377, @422, @424.
\newletter
$\times$, \see |\times|, |\*|.
x-height, 54, 60, 433, 443, 445--447.
*|\xdef|, @215--216, 275, @373, @418, @424.
Xenophon, 239.
|\xi| ( $\xi$ ), 434, 447.
|\Xi| ( $\Xi$ ), 434.
*|\xleaders|, +224.
*|\xspaceskip|, 76, 274, @317, 356, 429, 433.
|\xyzzy|, 379.
\newletter
*|\year|, 41, 273, 349, @406.
Yellin, Frank Nathan, 401.
\newletter
|\z@|, +348.
|\z@skip|, +348.
|\zeta| ( $\zeta$ ), 434.
\newletter
1/2, in unslashed form, 141, 186.
\<4-bit number>, +272.
\<7-bit number>, +272.
\<8-bit number>, +272.
\<15-bit number>, +272.
\<27-bit number>, +272.
\enddoublecolumns
\endchapter

Important works such as histories, biographies,
scientific and technical text-books, etc., should contain indexes.
Indeed, such works are scarcely to be considered complete without indexes.
\smallskip
An index is almost invariably placed at the end of a volume
and is set in smaller type than the text-matter.
Its subjects should be thoroughly alphabetized.
\smallskip
The compiling of an index is interesting work, though
some authors are apt to find it tedious and delegate the work to others.
The proofreader who undertakes it will find that it is splendid mental exercise
and brings out his latent editorial capability.
\author ALBERT H. ↑{HIGHTON}, {\sl Practical Proofreading\/} (1926)

\bigskip

Important references are given in boldface.
Italicized numbers indicate fleeting references,
whereas numbers in parentheses refer to
mere implications or unwarranted extrapolations.
Asterisks are used to identify particularly distasteful passages.
\author PROF.~PETER ↑{SCHICKELE}, {\sl The Definitive Biography of %
   P. D. Q. ↑{Bach}\/} (1976)

\eject
% now we print the answers, if any

% that blank line will stop an unfinished \answer
\immediate\closeout\ans
\vfill\eject
\ninepoint
\input answers
\bye